
i nnnniiiiDnnitn 








IBRARY OF CONGRESS. 

Shelf.. ^3: 3 573 
1-^92. 



NITED STATES OF AMERICA. 



LDEENESS, 



tliver drainage.' 




Size 25x31 inches. Scale 4 miles to an inch. Colored in 
counties. On map-bond paper in cloth cover for carrying in 
the pocket $1.00. On heavy plate paper for framing, in mail- 
ing tube to prevent creasing, $1.00, post-paid on receipt of 
price. 

S. R. STODDARD, Publisher, Glens Falls, N. Y. 




i!r -^ 



Fold-out Place 



This fold-out is being digitized, anc 
at a future date. 




i S/ -4^/ f^JOMCpH^PAV" 








LAKE GEORGF 



(1 LI^TJ ST W A. 1 K 1 ). 



LAKE CHAMPLAIN 
A L5()()K OF TO-DAY. 



:V- 



S„ R. STODOARD. 



TWENTY-SECOND EDITION. 



GLENS FALLS. N. Y. 0^ 0} i> 

PUBLISHED P. \' THE AUTHOR, 

Copyrig-ht, 1892, by S. R. Stoddard. 



/7 ;?;^^ 



Lake George and Lake Champlain, 



A.C. A 109 

Adams Landing 139 

Advert" mtb Indexed. 145 

Alburgh Springs 140 

Asaembly Point 35 

Au Sable Ctiadm 113 

Baldwin 77 

BI(ody Pond 20 

Bixby, Dr. George F. 137 

Bluff Pt 128, 167 

hulwaga Bay 104 

Burlington 112 

Camp Life 3 

Camp Watson 141 

Cunllon 102 

Cedar Beach 109 

Cnampiain'8 Battle.. 98 

Colctiester Point 113 

Crown Point Ruins.. 103 
Cumberland Head . . . 13(i 

Down ihe Lake 29 

E-*g1eCamp 1^*9 

E-*sex... ^Oi 

Fisbing 6 

Forts. 

Cassin 08 

Gage 19 

yeorg- 10 

Moiitgomery 138 

St. Frederick 102 

Tlctnderoga(Rumf) 98 
Wm. Henry (Ruins) 9 

French Point 57 

tilens Falle 21 

Bueiness Carde, 147,151 
Gordon's Lai ding. . . 138 

Great Back Bay 140 

Grog Hatbor 107 

Hague 71 

Highgate Springs — 143 

Howe's Landing 79 

Hulett's Landing' 63 

Hotels (Advertise- 
ments, indexed. . 145 

Albion.. •••• 37 

Bolton H< use 49 

Burieigh Houce 82 

CarpenttT Houae.. . 14 

Central Hotel 13 

Champlain. 

(Bluff Point).. 128. 167 
CI ampl'n (Maquam) 143 

CrosbysMe 15 

Cumberland House 134 
F . L. George House 36 
Fort Wm. Hem yH. 11 

Fouquet House 134 

Fourteen Mile I.. 51-b 

Gibhs House 105 

Grove Hftel 36 

Hillside House 72 

Horicon Lodge 36 

Huletl'B Landing H. 63 
Hnndn d Island H. .51-c 

Island Harbor 73 

Kattakill House.... 37 



Hotels— continued. 

Kenesaw 51-b 

Kenmore 171 

Lake House 12 

L. View H., L. Geo. 41 
L.View.AuSblCsmlig 

Marion House 39 

Mohican House. .45, 158 

Pearl Point 54 

Phoenix Hotel 71 

Prospect Mt. House 14 

Rising House 72 

Rockwell House... 22 
Rogers' Rock Hotel 76 
Sagamore. The.. .49, 159 
Samson's L.V'wH. 142 
Saranac L'ke House 165 
St. Hubert's Inn... 164 

Silver Bay 69 

Stevens House 108 

Trout House 72 

Trout Pavillion.... 36 
Van Ness House. . . 113 

Welden, The 142 

W estport ! nn IOt 

Willshorough, The 109 
Indian Kettles 67 



Islands. 

AsYou-Were 56 

Burnt 56 

Canoe 33 

Crab 132 

Crown .51-A 

Diamond 32 

Dome 40 

Elizabeth 37 

Floating Battery. . . 59 

Four Brothers 110 

Fourteen Mile 51 

Half-way 59 

Harbor 60 

Hen and Chickens 51-c 

IsleLaMotte 139 

Juniper 110 

Long 33 

Mother Bunch 59 

North Hero 139 

Oahu 51-A 

Phnntom 55 

Phelps 50 

Prisoner's 77 

Rcclufe 40 

Scotch Bennett 79 

South Hero 139 

Tea 29 

Three Sirens 59 

Turtle 55 

Valcour 126 

Vicar's 62 

Ladd's Landing 139 

Lake Champlain 93 

Islands 137 

Lake George 

Discovery 6-a 

Business Cards — 157 



Maps. 

L. Champlain and L. 
George. In front cover 
Lake George Hotels 

Frontispiece. 

Ticonderoga 81 

Tlconderoga Ruing. 100 
Miseif quol Park 144 

Mountains. 

Anthony's Nose.. . , 70 

Black 57 

B-ick 39 

Deer's Leap 63 

Elephant 66 

Hog's Back 64 

Prospect 14 

Rogers' Rock 76 

Split Rock 107 

Tongue 51-b 

Twin 66 

Old Stone Store 14 

Otter Creefe 108 

Outfit 3 

Paradise Bay 56 

PlattsbuTgh 133 

Battle of 132 

Port Henry 104 

Port Kent 113 

Roads and Drives. ... 18 

Rock Dunder Ill 

Roger's Slide 75 

Rouses Point 137 

Railroads. 

Au Sable Chasm... 113 

Chat* augay TJ'S. 174 

Delaware & Hudson 173 

Fitchburgn 175 

Hudson River 172 

Sabb-^th Day Point.. 66 

Sacrificial Stone 47 

St. Albars 14-1 

St. Mary's of the Late 31 
Saratoga— Reverse of 

book, iudexe(1. 
Shelburne Harbor... Ill 

South Hero 138 

Split Rock 107 

Steamboats. 

Chateaugay 106 

Horicon 16 

Hudson River 1(33 

Island Queen IT 

Ticonderoga ... 17 

Vermo.nt 97 

Water Lily 105 

Ticonderoga, Falls.. 81 

Nanres 101 

Fort 98 

Village 81 

Valcour, Battle of.. 127 

Westport 105 

Wh^itehall 96 

Williams' Monument 20 
WlUsborongh Point. . 109 




LAKE GEORGE. 

A-KE GEORGE! How the heart 
bounds and the pulse quickens at sound 
of the words that bring with them 
thoughts of the '' Holy Lake." In 
fancy we again breathe the air, heavy 
with the odor of pines and cedar, or fragrant with 
the breath of blossoming clover. Again we wander 
among the daisies and buttercups that gem the hill- 
side sloping so gently down to where the wavelets 
kiss the white beach, or floating among the verdant 
islands, watch the sunlight and shadow chase each 
other up the mountain side, while every crag and 
fleecy cloud is mirrored in the quiet waters below. 

A memory of the past comes to me as I write ; of 
good old days now past and gone ; of lumbering 
coaches where now go swiftly glancing trains ; of six 
horse tally-hos, now crowded out by monsters 
breathing fire and smoke ; of sounding plank in 
place of shining ribs of steel. More comfortable 
now it is undoubtedly with its luxurious palace cars 
but the poetry has gone with the dear old stages, 
and the new things of the age have made living 
commonplace at last. The memory remains, how^ 
ever, of the stage of old, with its overhanging load 
of pleasure seekers in brave attire, suggestive of 
some huge bouquet of gaily colored flowers, rocking 
and swaying from side to side as it bowls merrily 
along through the shaded streets and out across the 
plain, creeping up the long hill, then down into the 



2 Lake George. 

valley on the other side, where ragged urchins pelt 
us with great, creamy pond lilies ; of the stop at the 
Half-Way House, where thirsty ones partake of 
cooling drinks such as Brown alone can make; of the 
rapidly changing views as with swinging gait we 
cover the winding forest road; of Williams' Monu- 
ment and Bloody Pond ; and of the moment when 
the woods are left behind and the " Lake of the 
Blessed Sacrament " lies before us, green-walled at 
the sides and stretching away to where the rugged 
Tongue and misty Black Mountain close across the 
sparkling way. 

Rightfully and becomingly does Lake George 
wear the proud title '* Queen of American Waters." 
Lying along the south-eastern margin of the great 
Adirondacks it combines the grandure of its widest 
mountain lakes with the quiet loveliness of its peace- 
ful valleys. The graceful foliage of Keene Valle}', 
the rounded headlands of the queenly Raquette, 
the repose of stately Placid, the rugged grandeur 
of dark Avalanche, have each their counterpart 
here, all blended in one grand harmonious whole. 

Its water of marvelous purity has a distinctive 
color of its own. The Raquette River flows red, 
the Opalescent amber; Lake George is. In its shaded 
depths, a positive green. Its tributary streams are 
few and short— spring-born in the enwrapping hills. 
It Is itself but a great overflowing spring In Its hollow 
of verdure-covered rock. Its surface is 346 feet 
above tide and 247 feet above Lake Champlain Into 
which, at the north, with many a wild leap and 
rapid race, it empties. Islands rear themselves in 
solitary grandeur, or are gathered In dainty clusters 
on its face. Of old it was said there was an island 



Lake (ii:()kc,E. 3 

for every day in the year, and an additional inyste- 
rious, illusive, little sprite of a one that appeared 
only in the years divisible by four, but the u.iim- 
aginative survey of 1880 proved that there are but 
220 including every considerable rock around which 
the water breaks. 

During July and August, Lake George teems 
v/ith nomadic life in all its varied forms. Vagrant 
communities appear and disappear as if by magic ; 
white tents gleam among the dark-green foliage, and 
lonely islands are suddenly astir with busy throngs. 
Its wilderness solitudes for the time resound with 
joyous shoutings, as of boys let loose from school ; 
its rocks arc flecked with blue and gray ; its tree 
tops blush with bunting, while the very shores put 
on a flannelly hue, and shadowy points blossom out 
in duck and dimity. It is safe to say that in the 
course of the season a thousand people taste the 
pleasures and overcome the difificulties of actual 
camp life at L ike George. 

The camp outfit should include a light axe, long- 
handled fryin T.pan, tin pail for water or coffee, tin 
plates, pint cups, knives and forks and fishing tackle. 
A stove-top laid on a fire-place of stones and mud, 
and supplied with one length of stove pipe will be 
appreciated by the cook; spruce boughs for a bed, 
with rubber blanket, to guard against possible, 
dampness, and two or three good woolen blankets 
for covering, will be found very comfortable. A 
small bag to fill with leaves or moss for a pillow, 
pays for itself in one night. Flannel or woolen 
clothing, with roomy shoes and a soft felt hat, is 
ordinarily the safest dress. 



4 Lake George. 

Ladies, wear what you have a mind to (you will, 
any way), but let me respectfully suggest that it be 
mostly flannel, with good. strong shoes under foot, 
and a man's felt hat over head — take the man along, 
too, if you want to, he will be useful to row you 
about, take the fish off your hook, run errands, etc. 

Boats and provisions may be obtained at almost 
any of the hotels. Bacon, salt pork, bread and 
butter, Boston crackers, tea, coffee, sugar, pepper 
and salt, with a tin box or two for containing the 
same are among the things needed. Milk can be 
obtained regularly at the farm houses, berries picked 
almost anywhere ; ice is a luxury which may be 
contracted for and thrown from the passing steam- 
ers daily ; a hole in the ground with a piece of bark 
over it forms a very good ice box ; a drinking cup 
of leather, to carry in the pocket, comes handy at 
times ; broad-brimmed straw hats are a nuisance. 
Whiskey is unnecessary, a damage and disgrace to 
the party ; if you take it habitually to prevent 
colds, don't come. Colds are never taken here by 
sleeping out under the stars, and there is little in 
God's pure air and sunshine in keeping with the de- 
S'radinp; stuff. 

A shanty made of boughs will answer, in absence 
or anything better. It sounds well when you talk 
about *' roughing it," but is unsatisfactory in prac- 
tice. A tent may be made comfortable with the 
outlay of a little time and work. There are clubs 
who own fishing boxes or shanties, more or less 
rough in construction, some made simply of rough 
'boards, with bunks for sleeping in, and with chairs, 
tables, stoves, etc. Some of them can be hired, the 
price being from ^12 to $20 per week, including 



Lake George. 5 

the use of a boat or two and in many cases a well 
filled ice house. The po.orest cottage is an improve- 
ment on the best of tents in stormy weather. 

The question of the right of individuals to ac- 
quire and hold possession of certain islands belong- 
ing to the State is somewhat complicated and as 
yet unsettled. The law says ; " TJie lands now or 
hereafter constituting tJie forest preserve shall be for- 
ever kept as wild forest landsT A number of these 
islands are occupied by responsible parties who 
were appointed custodians by the land commission- 
ers, and Avho in good faith expended considerable 
money in beautifying and making these islands 
comfortable for summer occupancy. Their rights 
are respected by the public generally and their re- 
moval a question of time. 

The Forest Commission, having charge of the 
forest preserve, Avas created by Chapter 283 of the 
laws of 1885. The forest warden, forest inspectors, 
foresters and other persons acting upon the forest 
preserve under the written employment of the forest 
warden, or of the Forest Commission, may, without 
warrant, arrest any person found upon the forest 
preserve violating any provisions of the act creating 
the commission. The Forest Commission has the 
same power to bring action for trespass and to re- 
cover damages for injury, or to prevent injury to 
the preserve which any owner of lands would be en- 
titled to bring. The fire wardens have power to 
call upon any person in the territory in which they 
act for assistance in suppressing fires, and every 
perison refusing to act when so called shall be liable 
to a fine of not less than five nor more than twenty 
dollars. Any person who shall willfully or negligent- 



6 Lake George. 

ly set fire to any forest lands belonging to the State, 
shall be liable to a fine of not less than fifty or more than 
five hundred dollars, or to imprisonment of not less 
than thirty days nor more than six months. 

The islands of Lake Georrje belonsf to the State 
and under existing laws, cannot be purchased, ex- 
cept the following: Tea, Diamond, Canoe, long, 
Elizabeth, Three Brothers, Dome, Recluse, Belvoir, 
Hiawatha, Leontine, Green, Crown, Fourteen Mile, 
Flora, Turtle and Harbor Islands. 

Good fishing can be had at Lake George in its 
proper season by one possessed of a proper knowl- 
edge of the best ground. This knowledge is pur- 
chasable and can be had by the employment of 
competent fishermen, who furnish boat and bait 
also' at about $3 per day. The game fish are the lake 
trout and black bass. The trout are usually taken 
by deep trolling early in the season and with live 
bait in deep water, later. Black bass are caught by 
trolling or still fishing over rocky ground. Rock 
bass and perch abound on certain well-known ledges 
while the plebian ** bull-head" flourishes on the 
softer bottom. This last fish, although not con- 
sidered good in many waters is here firm of flesh 
and palatable. Brook trout fishing makes a fair re- 
turn for labor expended, the yield in the various 
streams emptying into the lake being in ratio to the 
whipping they get. Here the various " flies " that 
are comparatively valueless for lake fishing may be 
used to advantage. 

Hunting is little considered here although the 
woods yield a fair share of birds and small game and 
deer are not uncommon in the mountains along the 
narrows. 



Lake George. 6-a 

The existence of Lake George was first made 
known to Europeans in 1609, through the writings 
of Samuel de Champlain. It was known to the 
Indians as Andia-to-roc-te (place where the lake 
contracts). Champlain went no further south than 
tlie falls at Ticonderoga. 

In the month of August, 1642, a war party of 
Iroquois, returning from Canada to their homes in 
I he Mohawk Valley, passed through Lake George 
\\ ith three prisoners, tortured, maimed and bleeding, 
lliey were a French Jesuit, Father Jogues, Rene 
Goupil and Guillame Couture, the first white men 
known to have seen the " Lake of the Blessed Sacra- 
ment." 

Again, on the 29th of May, 1646, Father Jogues, 
with Sieur Bourden, engineer in chief on the gover- 
nor's staff, and six friendly Indians arrived at the 
outlet on the eve of the festival of Corpus Christi, 
and in commemoration of the day they named it 
the" Lake of the Blessed Sacrament." For overa hun- 
dred years it bore its beautiful name of Lac Du St. 
Sicrament, then, in . 1/5 5» General Johnson en- 
camped at its head and called it Lake George, in 
honor of George the Second, and then reigning 
king of Great Britain. 

^'Horieau,^' the " Silvery Water," was simply a fan- 
cy of Cooper's. He says : " It occurred to me that 
the Frencli name of this lake was too complicated, 
the American too common-place, and the Indian 
too unpronounceable for either to be used familiarly 
in a work of fiction","* so he called it " Horican." 
The name has been generally accepted as historical 

* '" Th(^ last of the Mohicans." Intro_uction to edition of 1&51. New York 
George P. Putnam. 



^-b Father Jogues. 

and advanced by admirers as one more indication 
of the poetic temperament and appreciation of the 
beautiful fitness of lyings possessed by the noble red 
man. It is not explained, however, why, in these 
later days, Cooper's creation is acce*pted as the name, 
while his spelling is ignored. 

Isaac Jogues, who first saw, and seeing, wrote of 
Lake George, was born at Orleans, Jan. lo, 1607; 
entered the Jesuit Society at Rouen, 1624, and 
three years later removed to the college of La 
Fletche. He completed his divinity studies at Cler- 
mont College, Paris, and was ordained Priest in 
February, 1 636. In the spring of that year he 
embarked as a missionary for Canada, arriving early 
in July, and soon proceeded to his far-away station 
on the Otawa river in the land of the Hurons. On 
his return from Quebec where he came for sup- 
plies in 1642, he was captured with his party and 
carried through Lake George to the Mohawk, suffer- 
ing torture at that and various other times. The 
following year, in July, he made his escape by aid ot 
the Dutch at Ft. Orange, who sent him to France, 
where he arrived about Christmas, and was received 
with great honor and reverence. In 1644 he -re- 
turned to Canada, and in 1 646 returned by the 
old route to his former masters, the Mohawks, a 
missionary from his superior, and an ambassador for 
the French nation, to ratify a treaty with the savages. 
Once more he returned to Canada, and once more 
passed over the holy lake to his " Mission of the 
Martyrs," where on his arival he was met by torture 
and paid the penalty of his zeal with his pure de- 
vot::! z'Sf- iicrificing life. 



Lake George. q_^ 

In 1609, Hendrlck Hudson ascended the North 
river to its junction with the Mohawk, and the same 
year Champlain sailed as far south as Ticonderoga, 
on the lake which now bears his name. At that 
time the Algonqiiins occupied the land north of the 
S^ Lawrence, and the Five Nations (a powerful con- 
federacy, consisting of the Mohawks^ Oneidas, Onon- 
dagas, Cayugas, and Senecas), were gathered in the 
valley of the Mohawk. The tribes of the north 
and south were continually at war with each other. 
The land between the St. Lawrence and the Mo 
hawk was debatable ground, and the country along 
the shores of St. Sacrament and Champlain was a 
solitude, for the lakes, stretching north and south, 
formed a pathway through the wilderness, over 
which savage nations were constantly going to war 
against each other. This had driven all who were 
inclined to occupy the land beyond the mountains; 
and presumably this is why it received its Indian 
name, signifying " the lake that is the gate of the 
country." 

The English secured th Ir right to the country 
claimed by the Five Nations by virtue of a treaty 
with that people ; the French claimed it by right of 
Champlain's discovery. Both nations aimed to 
keep the friendship of the Indian tribes, in which 
the French met with the greater success. They 
were constantly extending their lines, and sending 
over zealous missionaries and enterprising traders, 
who carried glass beads, fire-water, and the bread of 
life to the red man, and created a great revival of 
religion among them, in consequence of which a 
good many English scalps were taken. 

In 1731 the French advanced to Crown Point 



<5-d Historical — 1731-1755- 

and built a fort, which they called *' St. Frederick." 
The slow English remonstrated, but took no active 
measures to resist the advance on what they 
claimed as their territory. The Indians that gath- 
ered around the French fort were a constant men- 
ace to the exposed home of the English settlers of 
the upper Hudson, and often was the story told of 
a sudden descent on some unprotected point, a rifle 
shot, a gleaming knife or bloody tomahawk, and a 
retreat by the light of a burning building. In the 
words of the French concerning their Indian allies, 
they occasionally "struck a blow and returned with 
some scalps." 

In time the English realized that something more 
effective than protests would be needed to resist 
the encroachment of the French, and in 1755 Gen- 
eral, afterward Sir William, Johnson was dispatched 
to take charge of the little affair. He arrived at 
the head of Lac du St. Sacrament August 28th, 
and at once renamed the lake, calling it Lake 
George, in honor of the then reigning King of 
Great Britain. Not content with this hydraulic vic- 
tory he issued a proclamation, in which he said : 
" I propose to go down this lake with a part of the 
army, and take post at the end of it, at a pass 
called 'Ticonderogue,' there to await the coming 
up of the rest of the army, and then attack Crown 
Point." While General Johnson was waiting to 
note the effect of his proclamation, the Baron Dies- 
kau, with 1,400 men, 600 of whom were Indians, ad- 
vanced, September 8th, to attack Fort Lyman, now 
Fort Edward. When within four miles of the fort, 
the Indians refused to proceed further, it is thought 
from their known fear of cannon. Dieskau then 



Lake George. f- 

o-e 

turned the head of his little army toward Lake 
George, and had reached the place where Williams' 
monument now stands, when news was brought that 
the English were advancing toward them. Form- 
ing an ambush in shape of a hollow square, open to- 
ward the north ; the points extending on each side 
of the road, the French awaited the coming of the 
enemy, which soon appeared — i^ooo English and 
200 Indians — under Col. Ephraim Williams and 
old King Hendrick. It happened that among 
Dieskau's Indians were some of the great league of 
the Iroquois, who, seeing that the English were ac- 
companied by a party of their sworn friends, fired 
guns in the air as a warning, and, by this act, turned 
what might have been the annihilation of the de- 
tachment into simply a bad defeat. The French 
opened fire, at once. Colonel Williams and King 
Hendrick fell, and their followers retreated, followed 
by the French. The noise of the engagement was 
heard, at Lake George, and a force of 300 was dis- 
patched to the assistance of the English, while 
breastworks of fallen trees were thrown up with all 
haste in front of the camp. Soon came the English 
in confusion, closely pursued by the French. The 
guns of the English could not be brought to bear, 
without injuring friend and foe alike, and it ap- 
peared to be Dieskau's object to keep thus close on 
the heels of the retreating English, and enter the 
fortified camp with them ; but as, with joyful 
shouts, the survivors tumbled over the logs among 
their friends, they, with wonder, beheld the French 
halt while the Indian allies skulked in the swamps. 
The pause was for a few minutes only, but it af- 
forded the English time to perfect their plans of de- 



Historical — 1755-1757. 

fense, and, when the French did finally advance, 
they were received by a well-worked battery against 
which they could not prevail. The attack was 
spirited, and the defense stubborn. The engage- 
ment began a little before noon, and lasted until 
about four o'clock, when the enemy retreated, and 
the English took their turn at pursuit. Dieskau 
was wounded and taken prisoner, dying afterward, 
it is said, from the effect of his wounds. Johnson 
was also wounded early in the day, and the com- 
mand devolved on General Lyman, who behaved 
with unexceptionable bravery throughout the en- 
tire engagement. 

The French loss, killed and wounded, was nearly 
400 men ; the English about 300. Johnson, having 
earned glory enough, spent the remainder of the 
season in building Fort William Henry. 

In March, 1757, Vaudreuil, with 1,500 French 
and Indians, came over the ice to attack Fort Wil- 
liam Henry, The attack was made at two o'clock 
on the morning of the 19th, but the garrison was 
apprised of the enemy's approach and repulsed him 
successfully. He succeeded, however, in burning a 
number of sloops and batteaux, that were frozen in 
the ice, in front of the fort. 

Early in August, following Vaudreuil's unsuccess- 
ful attack, the Marquis de Montcalm, with nearly 
8,000 French and Indians, advanced on Fort Wil- 
liam Henry. Colonel Monro was then in command 
of the fort. He withstood the siege for six 4ays in 
hopes of relief from General Webb ; but, receiving 
none, sent a messenger to Montcalm stating the 
terms on which he would surrender. The terms 
were substantially that the Eng-lish should be 



Lake George. 

allowed to march out with the honors of war, car- 
rying arms and baggage. They were agreed to, 
and at noon the next day the English marched 
over to the entrenched camp, there to remain until 
the following morning, leaving the sick and 
wounded under the protection of the French gen- 
eral. But, even while they were passing out, the 




Indians swarmed in through the embrasures, at- 
tacking the sick and helpless. The horrible scenes 
that followed are thus described by Father Robaud 
in his '' Relations : " ''I saw one of these bar- 
barians come forth out of the casements, which 
nothing but the most insatiate avidity for blood 
could induce him to enter, for the infected atmos- 
phere which exhaled from it was insupportable, car- 



(3.. Historical — 1757. 

rying in his hand a human head, from which 
streams of blood were flowing, and which he pa- 
raded as the most valuable prize he had been able 
to seize." 

In the morning, when the English marched out 
of the entrenched camp, and, protected by three 
hundred French, the insufficiency of their escort be- 
came apparent. The savages swarmed in the 
woods on every side, and hung like a dark storm- 
cloud along their path. Low, ominous muttering, 
like distant thunder, came from the surging crowd, 
rising higher and higher, until, with fierce 3^ells, 
the}^ fell on the panic-stricken English, and struck 
them down in the face of their helpless guard. 
Soon all semblance of order ceased, the march 
changing into a selfish Tace for life. The butchery, 
which at first was the' work of a few, became gen- 
eral ; the savages murdered helpless women and 
children, and tore men from the ranks, and, like 
wild beasts, fought among themselves for the sick- 
ening prize of a human scalp. 

It is difficult to exonerate Montcalm from all 
blame, for he knew the nature of the savages, and 
their treatment of the sick and wounded in the old 
fort the day before, and still, with 6,000 French at 
command, sent only 300 to protect a long line of 
men, women, and children from wild beasts, thirst- 
ing for their blood. The number that perished is 
unknown, but has been estimated by some as high 
as 1,500. 

Their object accomplished, the French returned 
north, leaving the fort a heap of smouldering ruins, 
and the bones of the English bleaching in the sun. 

Another act in the great drama of the Lake. A 



Lake George. 

year has passed away, and the curtain rises on a 
scene of wondrous beauty. The same old moun- 
tains slope down, amphitheater-like, around the 
lake ; the mists of midsummer hang over the land ; 
martial music fills the air. The sound of bugles and 
of highland pipes echo from the mountain side, and 
a thousand boats, bearing 15,000 men, in all the 
varied colors of royal court, of clan and forest, with 
banners waving, and hearts beating high with hope, 
move away down the glassy lake. 

Thus, on the morning of July 5th, 1758, Aber- 
crombie embarked and sailed to the attack of Fort 
Ticonderoga. On the following day, at Trout-Brook, 
Lord Howe fell, and the evening of the 9th saw the 
inglorious return of the defeated army. 

The following year Amherst passed the same way, 
capturing Ticonderoga and Crown Point, and driving 
the French into Canada. 

Fort William Henry is described as square, built 
of pine logs covered with sand, flanked by bastions 
at the four corners, and surrounded by a deep ditch. 
The ruins are in the sandy, tree-covered bluff west 
of the railroad depot, between it and the Fort Wil- 
liam Henry Hotel. The outline is still preserved, 
showing the form of the old fort, nearly square, 
flanked on the west, south, and a part of the east 
side, by a ditch, and on the north by the lake. The 
** Old Fort Well " still remains near the east side, 
partially filled with stones and rubbish. Just where 
the fence which now incloses the grounds on the 
east would run, if continued out into the lake, deep 
under water, is the old Fort dock. Beyond the 
dock a little way, may be seen, on a still day, the 



Fort George, 

:harred remains of an old hulk, with blackened ribs 
and keel half hidden in the sand, supposed to have 
been one of the number sunk by Vaudreuil in Feb- 
ruary, 1757. Shell and cannon balls have been 
taken from it at different times, and in 1 820 two 
small cannon were removed from the wreck. 

Fort George is a half-mile east of old Fort Wil- 
liam Henry, back on the low bluff, around which 
the railroad swings as it turns away from the lake. 
It was built in 1759, by General Amherst, the por- 
tion completed being but a bastion of what was then 
designed for an extensive fortification. It was oc- 
cupied as a military post while the necessity for one 
lasted. Commanded (!) in 1775 by Capt. John 
Nordberg, ** in a little cottage as a Hermit where I 
was very happy for six months ; " taken possession 
of by Col. Bernard Romans, May 12 (two days after 
the capture of Ticonderoga by Ethan Allen), and 
held by the Americans until the close of the Revo 
lution. It is now but a great heap of earth, sloping 
off from the edge to toward the centre and north 
held in place by the walls, which are quite well pre- 
served on the east side. The greater portion of the 
stonework has been removed, and burned into lime. 

On the table land, a little to the southwest of the 
fort, was the old entrenched camp, the scene of 
Dieskau'^i defeat by General Johnson in I75S» 



Lake George. ii 

Fort William Henry Hotel, William Noble 
owner and proprietor, H. P. C. Johnson, manager. 
Post Office, Lake George. Capacity 600. Rates 
$4,00 to $5.00 per day according to room. 

The original Fort William Henry Hotel was built 
in the year 1854-5 by a stock company, of which 
Thomas Thomas was president, and opened for 
guests in June of the last named year, with Daniel 
Gale as manager. The architect was a son of the 
president of the company, the builder Franklin M. 
Wright of Glens Falls. The original structure had 
a front of 200 feet with a wing extending backward 
from its centre 130 feet, and was four stories high 
with basement. In 1855 and the spring of 1856 the 
front was extended towards the east making it as it 
now stands with a total frontage of 334 feet. In 
1865 Daniel Gale and A. C. Joselin purchased the 
property of the company, Mr. Gale succeeding as 
sole owner and proprietor two years later and con- 
tinuing in the management until August, 1868, 
when he sold it to T. Roessle & Son of Albany, 
for $125,000. During the following winter and 
spring the house was remodeled at a cost of about 
$200,000. The entire structure was raised 26 feet 
making room for the basement and main story, the 
latter with ceilings 16 feet high. A mansard roof 
was also added making the building seven stories 
high. On February, 1891, Mr. William Noble of 
the Grenoble Flats, New York city, purchased the 
property of T. E. Roessle the surviving partner. 

The space between the house and depot is rich in 
history and tradition and was once the centre of vast 
military operations which brought together a host 
four times greater than could now find quarters in 
all the hotels and cottages along Lake George's teem 



12 Lake Georg£. 

ing shores. Now, winding paths lead to the water, 
and stately pines grow on the ramparts and in the 
trenches, where, of old, men watched for the savage 
foe or made merry around the barrack fire. 

The Lake House, H. E. Nichols, proprietor, is on 
the west shore between the water and the main 
street of the little village of Caldwell. Capacity 
300. Open June 1st. 

This is one of the oldest houses of Lake George 
and is firmly established in the hearts of many who 
are as regular in their appearance as the seasons. 
The office always impresses a new comer with the 
idea that he has unexpectedly dropped in while a 




LAKE HOUSE, LAKE GEORGE, N. T. 

reception is in progress, as it is a favorite gathering 
place for the lady guests of the house. It is at- 
tractive with tasteful decorations and a paneled 
ceiling of native woods, while an ample fireplace, 
ornate in terra cotta, gives promise of a cheery com- 
fort of a chilly evening in early spring or late sum 
mer when a fire may be a welcome addition. 

Within the office is telegraph office and a desk 



Lake George. 13 

with pictures, books, and periodicals. The piazzas, 
back and front, give choice of position at different 
hours of the day. All along the front extends a 
double line of thick-leaved maples, underand through 
which is displayed a charmingly restful view of vil- 
lage, church and mountain. On the east a shaded 
lawn slopes down to the water's edge. On the 
grounds are four comfortable cottages, two of which, 
standing at the lake shore, with balconies that al- 
most overhang the waters, are fine specimens of 
architecture. Excursion steamers and the regular 
line boats all land at the dock. 

Mr. Nichols, the proprietor, is well known to Lake 
George visitors, having served here in the capacity 
of clerk and general manager for some time. He is 
energetic and thorough and will undoubtedly hold 
the Lake House where it has stood so long, a favorite 
among Lake George visitors. North of the Lake 
House is the Warren County Court House and jail. 
South of the Lake House is a large private board- 
ing house kept by Mrs. J. Quinlan ; rates, $8 to $10 
per week; will accommodate 25. 

Central Hotel is just north of the Lake House, 
on the opposite side of the main street. It is sub- 
stantial, comfortable, and attractive, and is open 
summer and winter. An omnibus, free to guests, 
runs to all trains and boats. Board $2 per day ; $8 
to $14 per week. Capacity of house 100. 

The *' Central " opens under new management 
this year — that of Stewart D. Brown, son of the 
veteran George Brown, whose name has been asso- 
ciated with the hotel business of Lake George and 
French Mountain for nearly half a century. The 
new proprietor in addition to a considerable ex- 
perience, brings youthful push and energy into the 



14 Lake George. 

business Siid will no doubt add laurels to tlie name. 
The house shows marked signs of modern ideas as 
a result of the general overhauling and re-arrange- 




3 4 5 

CALDWELL FBOM THE NORTHEAST. 

1 Rattlesnake Cobble ; a Prospect Mountain House ; 3 Fort William Henry 

Hotel ; 4 R. C. Church ; 5 Carpenter House ; 6 Lake House ; 

7 Court House and Jail ; 8 Central House. 

ment for summer guests presenting a handsome ap- 
pearance from office to kitchen. 

The Arlington, just south of the Central House, 
J. T. Bryant, proprietor, will accommodate about 60. 

Carpenter House, J. H. Carpenter, proprietor. 
Capacity, 70. Rates, $2 per day ; $7 to $10 per 
week. This house is still further south and directly 
opposite the old stone store. It is neat and orderly, 
and will accommodate about 70 guests. A free 
stage runs to trains and boats. 

Prospect Mountain rises west of the village, 
its top less than a mile in an air line from where 
steamer and cars exchange their crowds of passen. 
gers. The Mount Ferguson House at the top will, 
presumably, furnish refreshments and accommoda- 
tions as heretofore. 

" The Old Stone Store," on the east side of 
Main Street, opposite the Carpenter House, is a 
venerable landmark, known for years, and of general 
interest for its unique collection of Japanese goods 



Lake George. 



15 




and curios, its photographs and books, stationery and 
artists' materials; to the lover of a good cigar for 
its collection of various brands from Park & Tilford, 
and to young people generally as headquarters for 
fine chocolate and mixed candies. It also con- 
tains a drug and 
prescription de- 
partment in care 
of M. As her, 
Ph.G., of New 
York. ThejT/ro- 
prietor is Dr. W. 
J. Hunt, a 
young man o f 
sterling quali- 
ties, popular 
with resident 
and visitor, and with a gratifying and steadily grow 
ing practice. 

D. T. Sands, one door north of the old Stone 
Store, is a young merchant of promise and worthy of 
patronage. His specialty is fancy goods, dress 
goods, and ladies' shoes. 

C. A. & E. J. West, on the west side of the street 
need no commendation. They are a solid firm and 
deal in solid goods, staple and fancy, with unlimited 
groceries and canned goods. Camping parties will 
do well to make a note of this. 

The Post Office is on the west side of the 
street, a short distance north of the Central Hotel. 

The Crosbyside is on the east shore opposite 
the Lake House. Capacity of house and cottages 
about 200. Rates given on application. R. C. 
Jenkins, manager. Steamers land at the dock and 
an omnibus conveys guests to and from all trains 
Telegraph in the oflfice. 



i6 Lake George. 

Cottages noticeably prominent along shore, north 
of Crosbyside, belong severally to Mrs. M. S. Stock- 
well ; Rev. James P. Wilson, of Newark; Mrs. 
Henry L. Gregg ; Matthew Wilson, the artist ; Mrs. 
Dr. Wm. A. Brown ; and N. H. Bishop, canoeist and 
author. The sharply-gabled cottage, on the higher 
open ground, is Montclaire Terrace. 

Steamboats. — The steamboat service on the lake 
is thorough, convenient, and satisfactory to the pub- 
lic generally. The *' line " boats belong to the Lake 
Champlain Transportation Company, Capt. George 
Rushlow, General Agent, with office at Burlington, 
Vt. The boats on lake George and Lake Cham- 
plain (connected by train between the two) form a 
continuous day line through the two lakes. The 
Lake George boats are the " Horicon " and the 
" Ticonderoga." 

The Horicon (side-wheel steamer), was built at 
the old landing near the outlet in 1876, re-built at 
Baldwin in 1890. It is of fine model, graceful poise, 
and can run 20 miles an hour under favorable con- 
ditions. The length of keel is 196 feet (203 over 
all), 8/0 feet hold, and 301^ beam (about 52 feet wide 
over all). It is of 643 tons burden, and privileged to 
carry lOOO passengers. Three staterooms arc pro- 
vided for guests or passengers, and arrangements are 
made for dining such as desire it. The saloon oc- 
cupies the entire breadth of the boat between the 
wheel-houses, and is 108 feet long, finished in but- 
ternut and black walnut and lighted with ground 
glass of two designs. Captain J. D. Reeves, com- 
mander. 

The Horicon leaves Caldwell at about 9:30 A. M.^ 
on arrival of the train from the Hudson River night 
boats and touching at the various landings reaches 



Lake George. 17 

Baldwin about noon, where passengers are trans- 
ferred by rail to the Champlain boat at Fort Ticon- 
deroga, on which they may proceed northward, or 
may return south by rail via Whitehall. In the 
afternoon the Horicon returns from Baldwin con- 
necting at Caldwell with train south to the night 
boats at Troy and Albany. 

The Ticonderoga (side-wheel steamer), was built 
at the company's ship yard near the outlet, and 
launched August 23, 1883. Its dimensions are 172 
feet in length over all, 28 feet beam and 9 feet hold. 
The greatest width at guards is 46 feet, ordinary 
draft when loaded 4% feet. Its interior finish is of 
native woods and its general arrangement like that 
of the Horicon. Captain Richard Arbuckle, com- 
mander. 

The Ticonderoga leaves Baldwin at 7:30 in the 
morning, touching at the principal landings and 
reaches Caldwell to connect with midday trains for 
the south. On arrival of trains from the south at 
about 4:30 P. M., the Ticonderoga returns to Bald- 
win, touching when required along the way. Fare 
either boat $1.50. Tickets are good for passage 
through the lake and return the same day without 
addition to the price. 

The Island Queen, a small excursion steamer, 
trim and fast, built in 1890, makes morning and 
afternoon trips from Caldwell to Paradise Bay, land- 
ing at intermediate points. Fare 50 cents. Round 
trip one dollar. Captain, Everett Harrison; Pilot, 
Moses Finkle. This boat is 90 feet long, 18 feet 
beam, 4>^ ^^et draft. 

Small steamers may be chartered at from $15.00 
to $25.00 per day. 



i8 Lake George. 

Roads and Drives. — Not alone is Lake George 
to be enjoyed from the water. Its drives are many 
and delightful. Livery rigs, luxurious, stylish, and 
sensible, can be had here at Lake George, at reason- 
able prices, considering the stock which has to be 
carried through to accomodate the limited season. 
The finest are to be found at the stables of H. R. 
Levens & Co., at the Fort William Henry Hotel, 
and may be called by telephone from any house 
about the head of the lake. 

The most picturesque road, and one in which the 
lake is the ever-present and ever-varying feature, is 
along the west shore to Bolton, which may be con 
tinned up past north-west bay and indefinitely 
among the mountains beyond. The undesirable 
feature is its sand, which makes the wheeling heavy 
a portion of the way, but not to such an extent as 
to be an unsurmountable objection. Lateral roads 
lead from this up the western hills and offer a variety 
of interesting if somewhat laborious ways. 

The drive along the beach and down the east 
shore is an interesting one for thcje who enjoy woods 
and partially cultivated country. It passes by the 
ruins of Fort George Hotel, Crosbyside and a num- 
ber of very pretty summer cottages and the Con- 
vent of the Paulist Fathers, " St. Mary's of the 
Lake " rising finally to the cleared space around the 
north side of French Mountain to overlook a great 
expanse of the lake. A branch road may be fol- 
lowed along shore to Lake George Park, on 
Dunman's Bay, notable as the summer place of 
Edward Eggleston. 

The drive on the plank road to Warrensburgh, six 
miles north, where the Schroon River Is crossed, is 



Lake George. 19 

delightful, because of Its shade. The ascent is 
gradual, rising through a picturesque notch between 
the mountains by the side of a babbling brook. The 
road bed is excellent for driving and usually as 
smooth and hard as an iron-like sand, quarried along 
the road, can make it. 

The road to Prospect Mountain and the Mount 
Ferguson House on one of its summits seen promi- 
nently at the west, yields an interesting wood and 
field excursion and a grand prospect when the top 
is reached. There are two passable ways of reaching 
it, by the " old road," which is generally preferred, 
going by the way of the Warrenburgh road to the 
first toll-gate, thence west around the mountain, ap- 
proaching the summit point finally from the south- 
west, by which the ascent is gradual, or by the '' new 
road," which leads past the old Indian encampment 
and by a steep but shorter way arrives at the sum- 
mit from the south. From the observatory here 
fully one-half of the lake can be seen, and the main 
peaks of the Adirondacks easily distinguishable by 
one who knows them by their outlies. Refreshments 
can be had here, and satisfactory accommodations 
for those who may wish to stop over night. 

The most interesting drive, all things considered, 
of any at Lake George is the plank road south 
through French Mountain Pass, over the historic 
- Dark and Bloody Ground " to Glens Falls. 

FORT Gage stood on the hill that rises west of 
the road about one mile south and just beyond 
where the road from Fort George joins the plank 
road. The lines of earthworks may still be traced 
through the pines that now cover them. The slope 



20 



Lake George. 



was cleared of all timber down to the water's edg-e at 
the time of Abercrombie's advance in 1758. 

Bloody Pond is a mile farther, at the left of the 
road and between it and the railroad. It is simply 
a stagnant pool that in the early part of the season 
is nearly covered with lily-pads and great white pond- 
lilies, and in the summer becomes almost dry. It 
is said that a party of the French (after driving the 
English into their fortified camp at Lake George, 
and being driven back in turn), were seated around the 
pond at sunset, was partaking of their evening meal, 
when they were surprised by a party of English ad- 
vancing from Fort Edward, who poured in upon 
them a destructive fire. Totally routed, they fled in 
confusion, leaving their dead and wounded on the 
field.. The dead were thrown into the pond by the 
English, their blood turning the water red, from which 
circumstance it received its name. 
Williams' Monument is about three milessouth 
of the lake, and west of the 
plank road. It is a plain mar- 
ble shaft, blue and white, 
standing on a huge bowlder, 
which is itself inclosed within 
an iron fence. It was erected 
in 1854 by the graduates of 
Williams' College, in memory 
of the founder of that institu- 
tion. On it are inscriptions 
in Latin, to show the learning 
of those who erected it, and 
in English, telling what it is all about. From it we 
learn that it was '^ Erected to the memory of Coud^^l. 
Ephraim Williams, a native of Newtown, Mass, 




2a-c Lake George. 

who, after gallantly defending the frontier of his 
native State, served under Ge^ieral Johnson against 
the French and Indians, and 7iobly fell near this spot, 
in the bloody conflict of September 8, iJSSi ^^ l^^^ -/^^ 
year of his age. 

The old military road ran along on the hill just 
above this spot, identical Avith the country road that 
is there now. A little way south of the monument, 
on this road, inclosed by an iron railing is a rude 
stone slab, supposed to mark the place where Col. 
Williams was buried. The stone bears the inscription 
E. W. 

1775. 

COL. EPHRAIM WILLIAMS. 

The drive continued south passes French Moun- 
tain, with its ancient and once celebrated Half-Way 
House, to Glens Falls, lo miles from Lake George. 

Glens Falls is the metropolis of Northern New 
York. It is the market and source of supplies of a 
large tract of rich, outlying country and of the 
northern Adirondack Wilderness. It is high and 
dry and delightful with shaded streets and a core of 
solid business blocks that rivals the city in appear- 
ance. 

It has eight churches ; a union free-school of 
splendid attainments ; an academy, almost collegiate 
in its course ; an opera house of fine appearance 
and appointments ; numerous civic societies of vary- 
ing objects; a military company (the i8th Separate) 
of high rank, a salvation army (small, but mighty 
of voice), electric street cars (running also to 
Ft. Edward and Sandy Hill), an excellent water 
system, uniformed police, electric lights, (arc 
and incandescent) with other modern necessi- 
ties, and ten thousand inhabitants, who live 



Lake George. 

mostly in houses of their own, and who are justly 
proud of the wide-awake town from which they hail. 

The place was known to the Indians as " Che-pon- 
tuc," meaning a difificult place to get around. In 
1762 a patent of Queensbury was granted to several 
of ''our loving subjects" by George III, a large 
proportion of which patent was purchased by Abra- 
ham Wing, who erected a grist and saw-mill at the 
falls. Later, Wing sold his birthright for a mess 
of pottage — or to speak plainly — transferred his right 
and title to the name to a Col. Johannes Glenn for 
the price of a " wine supper" which the latter paid, 
and the name was changed to " Glenn's " Falls. 

Of course you did not come to Lake George with- 
out something extra in your purse and Glens Falls 
will give you as fair an equivalent for that " extra " 
as any city in the country. Upwards of 50 stores — 
some of them models of elegance — supply the visitor 
with necessary or fancy articles unlimited, and those 
who may need anything, from an organ to an octo- 
pus, can usually have their wishes gratified here. 
To that end you are respectfully referred to the ap- 
pendix, where almost every branch of trade and in- 
dustry is represented by the cards of responsible 
firms. 

If you would remain over night or for a dinner 
only, you may find hotels clean, wholesome and at, 
tractive. The Rockwell House, on Fountain Square, 
is the leading hotel and recognized as one of the 
best-kept houses in the State. It is very complete 
in all its appointments, provides an excellent table, 
and is thoroughly worthy of the very liberal patron- 
age it receives. Rates $3 per day, $14 to $21 per 
week. C. L. Rockwell, proprietor. 



22 



Lake George. 



The American Hotel, Monument Square is sub- 
stantial and well ordered and enjoys a reputation for 
excellent fare and accommodations equaled by very 
few of the high priced houses of the country. Free 
bus to all trains. Rates, $2.00 per day. George 
Pardo, proprietor. 

The Van Cott House is on South St. Rates, $2 
per day. W. H. Van Cott, ex-County Clerk and good 
fellow generally, proprie- 
tor. The Granger house 
is near the fair ground. 
Rates, $1.00 per day. _,. 
Wholesome and specially:gg 
noted for its jolly pi'o-S^ 




GLENS FALLS INSURANCK BUILDING. 

prietor the one, only and original " Marcus." There 
are other hotels with a well established clientage and 
at reasonable prices. 

The Glens Falls Insurance Company, located here, 
has through its agencies made the name of its birth- 



Lake George. * 23 

place familiar from Maine to Mexico. Organized in 
1849, ^^ ^^s attained to national prominence and a 
reputation as one of the soundest institutions of the 
kind in existence. As a fact, many a Lake George 
tourist knows more about this company and its of- 
ficers than about the beautiful village after which it 
was named. Its new building just completed on 
Monument Square is substantial, convenient and be- 
coming as the headquarters of a prosperous institu- 
tion that never failed in its obligations and never 
made a mistake. Such ic its reputation and record. 
The officers of the company are J. L. Cunningham, 
president ; R. A. Little, secretary. 

Joseph Fowler & Co., gives employment to a large 
number of operatives. The factory on Glen St., 
between Monument and Fountain Squares is a very 
bee-hive of industry, well worth inspecting. Here 
are made all kinds of silk and flannel, satine and 
plain white shirts with collars and cuffs almost be- 
yond number. The firm enjoys a reputation among 
dealers for producing high grade products with a 
superior finish, the pure soft mountain water with 
which it is supplied making perfect laundrying a 
possibility. 

Van Wagner & Norris, in Opera House Block, make 
a specialty of fine custom work. Fine flannel and 
silk goods, neglige shirts and the countless necessa- 
ries of the well-dressed man, fully equipped for his 
summer outing can be had here. The firm is re- 
liable, the work staunch and serviceable. 

The '* Canopy-top Buckboard," manufactured 
here, is celebrated from Maine to Mexico. The 



24 Lake George. 

"Time Globe," invented by L. P. Juvet, of this 
town, is known of scientific men in two hemispheres 

The Glens Falls Terra-Cotta and Brick Co., a mile 
north of the village, employ upwards of lOO men in 
the manufacture of red and buff pressed and molded 
brick and architectural terra-cotta for exterior and 
interior ornamentation. They own extensive beds 
of marl and clay lying near, and a patent process 
for combining the same in a manner resulting in 
works of superior beauty and finish. J. M. Coolidge 
is president of the company, and Charles Scales su- 
perintendent. 

Come with me down the Big Hill to the falls, 
You can see the mists that hang over the gulf and 
hear the sounds of its waters. Noisy mills now com- 
pass it about, and the rythmic sob of many saws 
mingle with its dull roar that never ends. A grace 
ful new bridge erected by the Berlin Bridge Com- 
pany, reaches out to the island from the north shore, 
while a stone arch spans the gulf at the south. At 
the south end of the long bridge, steps lead down 
to the flat rock, and near the lower end where it is 
notched and broken out, you may climb down to the 
level of the water, and enter the cave made memor- 
able by Cooper in his " Last of the Mohicans." 

In the dry season the volume of water is confined 
within the channels worn deep on either side, or 
finds its way in rivelets down across the pitted but- 
tresses of black rock. Here the ledges, which in the 
spring freshets are covered with a foaming torrent, are 
worn smooth almost as polished marble. Na'ural 
stairways lead in places to the top, and at intervals, 
holes in the rock, round and deep, are filled with 
wa^er, with, possibly,at the bottom a remnant of the 



Lake George. 25 

stone that under the action of the waters has worn 
Itself away in vain turnings about in its deepening 
prison. One of these holes called the " Devirs 
Punch Bowl," is about six feet in diameter and 
the same in depth. 

On either side are saw mills that have contributed 

to the town's pros- 
perity, full of life 
I and action at 
I times, at others — 
I and that too often 
— stilled by sum" 
I mer's drought or 
I spring-time flood. 
' On all sides are 
lumber piles. They 
line the banks of 
the river away 
above. They wall 
in the canal 
along up to where, 
at the "Feeder 
Dam," are more 
saw mills and 
more lumber piles 
It is estimated that the sawing 
capacity of these mills is 600,000 
^standard logs per annum. This 
means 120,000,000 feet of lumber, 
or 30,636^^ miles of boards 
eight inches wide. If laid end to 
end they would extend around 
the earth with a long lap to 
spare, and in seven years lay a good plank walk 




26 Lake George. 

to the moon, with no end of lath and slabs to 
throw at erratic asteroids or troublesome comets. 

The lime business is next in importance to 
lumber. In quantity manufactured it is equalled in 
the United States only by Rockland, Me., and in 
point of quality stands at the head. The best rock 
yields, when calcined, from ninety-five to ninety- 
eight per cent, of the purest and whitest lime to be 
found on the continent. It is used extensively by 
tanners, bleachers of cotton goods and manufactur- 
ers of paper, wire, gas, glass, etc. The lime rock is 
embraced in an area of not more than 250 acres, be- 
ginning at the head of the falls, and extending in a 
narrow belt on either side for perhaps near a mile 
down the river, the strata dipping slightly toward 
the south, and disappearing under the hill along 
that side. For a depth of about thirty feet it lies in 
thin strata, then comes a stratum of grey marble, 
from two to three feet in thickness, and under this 
the solid black marble, twelve feet thick. This is 
almost a pure carbonate of lime ; in its nativ estate 
of a bluish grey ; calcined, it is whiter than snow. 
The tunnel on the south side from which the rock 
has been recently taken extends a considerable 
• distance into the hill — a vast room with rock-roof, 
supported by many massive columns, and well worth 
a visit. Lime was first burned here about the year 
1820, by Powell Shaw, then simply for home con- 
sumption. It was first manufactured and shipped 
to an outside market (Troy) by K. P. Cool, in 
1832. 

Lime Kilns — clouds by day and pillars of fire at 
night, are below the falls. They are of the patent 
or ** perpetual " kind, with a burning capacity 



Lake George. 27 

of 100 barrels each per day Two sets of 
hands are required to attend to them, the fires 
running night and day. There are thirty of these 
lime-kihis. They are well worth visiting. 

T. S. Coolidge is the general agent. Sub-agents 
are appointed in the various cities. About 500 men 
are employed in this industry. The average pro- 
duction for the past twenty years has been 450,000 
barrels per annum, of which 200,000 are shipped 
annually to New York. 

The black marble (which is the purest carbonate 
of lime in the world, with perhaps the exception of 
the Irish and Belgian marble), in its native state, 
is of a dark blue; wet, it becomes black ; polished, 
it shines like jet. Blocks are quarried as large as 
four feet square and nine feet long. It is sawed 
into slabs for tiles, table tops, mantels, interior 
decorations and ornamental work. There are two 
mills here that saw the stone. See them saw and 
note how, under dripping water and sand, the 
toothless saws eat their way through the solid rock. 

Wood pulp is manufactured in a large mill near 
the south end of the bridge, and vast quantities of 
wood that until recently, was considered almost 
valueless, now find its way in, in logs and comes out 
in thick sheets to be turned into paper in the ad- 
joining mill. 

The paper mill on the south side of the river has 
the perfected machinery of the day and reels off 
broad ribbons of, paper a mile or more in length. 
The kind made is the kind used by the newspapers, 
and the fact th.it it is used by the Troy Times, the 
Brooklyn Eaglf and the New York Sun p'-oves its 
remarkable political flexibility. 



DOWN THE LAKE. 

Note. — By aid of accompanying large map, and 
the outline cuts distributed through the book, the 
reader should have no difficulty in locating all 
points of interest seen from the steamboats. Trav- 
elers from the north should read paragraphs as num- 
bered in reverse order, beginning at Ticonderoga. 
"East" and "west" indicate side to look from the 
channel usually taken by the steamboat. Distances 
given are air-line distances from Caldwell, unless 
stated differently. 

1. From the south. The outreaching point 
from the west terminates in Tea Island, about a 
mile distant (see outline cut) ; over this is Tongue 
Mountain; a little at the right, the round top of 
Shelving Rock ; about tw^o miles beyond Tea 
Island, at the right, is Diamond Island ; beyond 
this, partially hidden by it, is Long Island ; at its 
right edge is West Point. About two miles away, 
on the right, is Plum Point ; on the high ground, a 
little nearer, the summer place of the Paulist Fath- 
ers. Still nearer, among the trees, is Crosbyside. 
Over the beach, at the east, is the Fort George 
Hotel ; and back toward the south, the ruins of 
the old fort. Toward the west is Prospect Moun- 
tain, and at its base along the west shore, is the 
village of Caldwell, known to the postal department 
as Lake George. 
> 2. Tea Island (west) is a little gem of an 
island, somewhat resembling the crater of an ex:- 



Down the Lake. 

tinct volcano, with the rim broken away on the east 
side, forming a beautiful harbor in miniature. 

Tradition says Abercrombie buried gold and val- 
uables here; and a goodly share of the surface has 
been dug over, at different times, by the treasure 
seeker — some one suggested that the digging was 
for fish-worms, but the idea is too absurd to be en- 
tertained for a moment. 

The handsome building on the west side, one mile 
from the depot, is the residence of W. J. Price, of 
New York. A. D. F. Randolph, poet and publisher, 
'^as a modest cottage among the trees west of Tea 

land. Rev. Dr. Butler, of Philadelphia, is near by. 
'Iv.v. Dr. Tuttle occupies a cottage near the shore, 
north of Tea Island. Price Manor, residence of the 
jate Col. W. W. Price, is on high land, two miles 
Crom the depot. The octagon building, at the 
waters edge, is not a light-house. 

3. St. Mary's of the Lake (east), a mile 
north of Crosbyside, in a grove of young trees, is 
the summer place of the Paulist Fathers. This so- 
ciety is composed of priests, whose work is chiefly 
that of missionaries, something akin to that of the 
old Jesuits. Their convent is in New York, pre- 
sided over by its founder, the Rev. Father Hecker. 
The Paulists also own Harbor Island, and camp 
there a portion of the year. 

4. Plum Point (east), a half-mile north of con- 
vent, received its name, it is said, because of the 
large quantity of plums raised here. The casual 
observer will see no plums, and may not see ^he 
point of this. (Mild joke.) 

5. Dunham's Bay opens up on the right. At 
its head is Lake George Park. Edward Eggleston 



Down the Lake. 33 

the stalwart author, lecturer, and divine, has a cot- 
tage here. 

6. Diamond Island (west), near the centre of 
the lake and three miles from its head, was so 
named because of the quartz crystals found upon 
its surface. It was fortified and used as a military 
depot by Burgoyne, after his capture of Ticonder- 
oga in 1777, and the same year was the scene of an 
engagement between the forces then in possession 
(the English) and a party of Americans under Col. 
John Brown, which resulted in the defeat of the lat- 
ter. In 1820 it was occupied by a family who 
gained a living by the sale of crystals found there. 
East of it are two nameless little pyramids of broken 
rocks, which go to make up the 220 islands of the 
lake. 

7. Cramer's Point (west, 2^ miles from Cald- 
well). It is said that this was an island, when the 
islands all belonged to the state ; but a former 
owner of the adjoining shore looked upon it with 
longing eyes ; and one night the kind waves, or 
something equally efficacious, filled up the inter- 
vening space with earth ; the island and the shore 
clasped hands across the muddy chasm ; the twain 
were made one flesh, and no law was found to put 
them asunder. At the west is the tasteful villa of 
George H. Cramer, of Troy. 

8. The Antlers (west 33^), Jerome Burton, 
proprietor. Capacity 100. Rates $2 per day ; $8 
to $12 per week. P. O., Hill View. House com- 
pleted and opened for 1891. 

9. Reid's Rock is just north of Cannon Point 
(west, 33^ miles). A man named Reid, whose love 
for rum had taken him across the lake one stormy 



34 Lake George. 

night in late autumn, was found on this rock, in the 
morning, frozen stiff, and covered with ice from the 
dashing spray. 

10. Orcut Bay is entered between Reid's 
Rock and Cannon Point. "The Healing Spring" 
is just over the ridge, west of this bay, and may be 
reached alonsg shore from Caldwell. The visitor 
should see this spring, and talk with its honest, odd 
owner, *' Uncle Joe," as he is universally called, 
who has firm faith in the efificacy of the water to 
cure all the ills that flesh is heir lo. 

11. Diamond Point (west 4 miles) comes next 
The quartz here, like that of Diamond Island, oc- 
casionally yields very pretty crystals. Sampson 
Paul, an Indian, who flourished over half a century 
ago, once killed a panther with a common fishing- 
spear, here, as the poor brute was coming out of the 
water benumbed with cold. 

12. Diamond Point House (west, 4^ miles), 
John CooHdge, proprietor. Capacity, about 50. 
Large boats do ia|ot land. Reached by wagon from 
Caldwell, or by small steamers. P. O., Hill View. 

13. Canoe Islands (west, 4I/2 miles), east of 
Diamond Point House, about midway between it 
and Long Island. Here the American Canoe As- 
sociation was organized in 1880. The islands are 
owned by N. H. Bishop, and others. 

14. Long Island is the largest island at Lake 
George, being something more than a mile in 
length. The deed by which it was transferred by 
King George to private parties, bears date of July 
4, 1770. The house near its centre is the summer 
place of its owner, Dr. D. S. Sanford, of New York. 



I 



Lake George. 35 

15. Assembly Point (right, 454 miles from Cald- 
well), known for years as West Point, has been re- 
christened with a new name as above. The Lake 
George Assembly, organized in 1888, is an associa- 
tion owning or controlling about 100 acres of land 
here. The resident trustee is Dr. D. S. Sanford, 
and its establishment is due almost entirely to the 
exertions of that tireless worker, who sums up the 
objects and aims of the community in a nut-shell, 
as follows : 

^' Its plan is three-fold, — Recreation, Reason, Re- 
ligion. Its scope is to blend these three R's. 
While we are recreatingly rusticating we may also 
reason reasonably and reveal religion in the every- 
day life. It will attain its end by encouraging 
everything that is manly, noble and healthful In 
sport, by interesting lectures from interesting men 
every Tuesday, Thursday and Saturday at 4 o'clock, 
free (never more than an hour in length), and 
through Sunday services (ii A. M. and 4 P. M.), by 
eminent divines, stimulate the desire to live a nobler, 
better and purer life. A number of tents have been 
provided for rental at reasonable figures. Parties 
furnishing their own tenting outfits may camp 
within the grounds at 10 cents per day— children, 
God bless them ! nothing. A store and restaurant 
is on the ground — no extortions permitted. Lots 
are for sale to approved purchasers only, subject to 
such rules and regulations and restrictions as will 
best conserve the comfort, happiness and convenience 
of congenial families that we hope to gather in a 
homelike colony here, where Mrs. Grundy and other 
fashionable follies have small part, and where Mrs. 
Ostentation and Mrs. Extravagance are altogether 



36 



Lake George. 



absent. If you are law-abiding, order-loving and 
Sabbath-respecting, be one of us. If you are not, 
don't." 




VIEW NORTH FROM NEAI 



Dome Island ; 2 South Island ; 3 Shtlvioy^ Rock Mountain ; 4 Long- Island , 
' Black Mountain ; 6 Ruck Mountain ; 7 Pilot Mountain ; 8 As embly Point. 

" The Brooklyn," William M. Frommell, proprie- 
tor, is at Assembly Point. Rates on application. 

16. HORICON Lodge (right, 55^ miles by 
steamer), George A. Ferris, manager. Capacity 100. 
$2.00 per day ; $8 to $12 per week, P. O., Clever- 
dale. 

17. Sheldon House (right, 6 miles). Attract- 
ive grounds. Capacity, 80. Rates not given. 

18. East Lake George House, Franklin 
Gates, proprietor. Landing, Sheldon's Point. Ca- 
pacity, 60. Rates, $1.50 per day : $7 to $10.00 per 
week. P. O., Kattskill Bay. 

19. Grove Hotel (right, 7 miles), E. Wetmore, 
proprietor. Capacity 75. $2.00 per day ; $8.00 to 
$10.00 per week. P. O., Kattskill Bay. Land at 
Trout Pavilion. Boat or carriage in attendance on 
arrival of steamer from south. 

20. Trout Pavilion (right, 7 miles), John Cronk- 
hite, proprietor. Capacity 100. Rates, $2 per day; 
$9 to $12 per week. P. O. address, Kattskill Bay. 
The accommodations offered are in three buildings, 



Lake George. 37 

the two nearest the lake connected at one corner by 
their piazzas, which extend on three sides. One 
building contains parlor, dining-room, &c., the 
others, private parlors and sleeping rooms. In the 
inner angle formed by the two, is an open, tree- 
shaded floor for dancing. Bowling and outdoor 
Sports have been provided for. The accommoda- 
tions are good, the table clean, wholesome and 
abundant. An attractive feature is the boats and 
the attention given to the legitimate sport of fish- 
ing. Open June to October. A pretty steam yacht, 
the "Latona" is here subject to charter at $15,00 
per day, $10 for a half day. 

21. The Albion is north of the trout Pavilion. 
Rosa Phelps, proprietor. Capacity 40. Rates $2.00 
per day, $10.00 to $12.00 per week. Mayflower Cot- 
tage, still further north. Is a private boarding house, 
capacity, 30. 

22. Kattskill House is on the high terraced 
bank at the north dock, shaded by a thrifty grove 
of birches. Capacity about loO guests. Rates, 
$2.00 per day ; $10.00 to $12.00 per week. Open 
from June 15th to October. A. P. Scoville, pro- 
prietor. The post-oflice (Kattskill Bay) is located 
here and a wire connecting with the Western Union 
telegraph is in the office. Good fare is furnished 
and an excellent patronage held here. 

23. Elizabeth Island appears as a point of 
the shore north of the Kattskill House.* The Man_ 
hattan Club, composed of graduates of New York 
College, make it their summer camp ground. 

24. Pilot Mountain (right, 7 miles, air line 
from Caldwell), is nearly sharp at its summit, de- 
scends steeply to the lake at points-where we lately 



j'iici«ii?C'«n| 




Lake George. 39 

touched, and further away, at the south, slopes 
gently down to the fertile vale of Harrisena. 

25. Buck Mountain (right, 9 miles) is a grand 
rocky, round-featured mountain, along the east, ris- 
ing 2,000 feet above the lake. It is sparsely wooded 
at the summit. This, with Pilot Mountain on the 
south, is locally known as the deer pasture. Phelps' 
Point is at the lake, a little south of the highest 
part of Buck Mountain. A passable road leads out 
along shore to the Kattskill House. 

26. Marion House (west side, 5^ miles from 
Caldwell), D. W. Sherman, proprietor ; H. L. Sher- 
man, manager. Capacity 400. Rates, $3.50 per 
day ; $14 to $25 per week. 

Recent additions have made this one of the 
largest houses at the lake. It has been remodeled 
from office to attic. Its public rooms are spacious, 
delightfully open to the air, richly furnished through- 
out, and contain many unconventional appliances 
that tend to enjoyable ease. It is lighted with gas 
throughout, and heated by steam. Its sleeping 
rooms are large, furnished modestly but with excel- 
lent material, and supplied with superior beds. An 
elevator renders all floors almost equally convenient 
and leaves little choice in rooms, unless there are 
preferences in points of compass. Electric bells' 
communicate between guests' rooms and the office, 
and a wire from the office connects with the Western 
Union Telegraph. The sanitary conditions are pro- 
nounced perfect. Soft, sweet water is brought to 
the house through pipes, from a spring on the west 
mountain. All steamboats from north and south 
land at the dock. A feature of the table supplies is 



40 Lake George. 

the butter and milk, from a herd of Jerseys belong- 
ing to the Marion farm. 

The grounds surrounding the Marion are exten- 
sive and attractive. It has the advantage of ap- 
proach by land, as the picturesque road from Cald- 
well runs along the shore, past the house. Back of 
the house are rugged bluffs, and forests almost as 
wild as they were a hundred years ago. The views 
of the lake are broad and far-reaching. Livery rigs 
of standard excellence can be had at established 
prices. A feature here not common to the Lake 
George hotels is the tally-ho coach, " Marion," on 
which, a moonlight dash along shore with a select 
party, or a trip over the mountains, represents the 
acme of rare coaching experience, and more fun 
than an old-fashioned trip across the continent. The 
Marion is an exceptionally attractive place. 

The Agawam which stood on the shore of the bay 
a half mile north of the Marion was destroyed by 
fire in 1890. 

27. Victoria Lodge (East, ^y. M.), John W. 
Harris, proprietor. Address at Kattskill Bay, for 
particulars. 

28. Dome Island (East, 9 miles), near the cen- 
tre of the lake, next claims our attention as being 
the highest of Lake George's 220. Seen from the 
north and south, it has the appearance of a huge 
emerald dome, somewhat flattened, but bearing 
enough of the appearance to justify the name- 
This island was purchased from the State in 1856, 
for $100. 

29. Recluse Island (west), is just west of 
Dome, our course taking us between the two. Pliny 
T. Sexton of Palmyra, owner. "This island was the 



Lake George. 



41 



subject of the earthquake hoax of 1868, when it 
was reported in the New York papers as being sunk 
80 feet below the surface. A graceful bridge con- 
nects it with what was once known as Sloop Island. 
Belvoir Island is west of Recluse Island, and is 
the property of Rev. Geo. W. Clow, of White Plains. 
30. Lake View House, R. J. Brown, proprie- 
tor. Capacity, 100. Rates, $3 per day ; $12 to 
$15 per week. P. O., Bolton. 

This house has earned for itself that unfailing 

sign of approval — the re- 
peated return of old guests 
to familiar rooms and 
places, their number aug- 
mented annually by new 
friends and kindred spirits. 
The view is unsurpassed 
for quiet beauty, as re- 
vealed in retreating head- 
land, pretty grouping of 
island forms and the 
lovely gate-like openings 
of the distant Narrows, 
with giant Black Moun- 
tain beyond. 

Mr. iirown makes a very pleasant landlord, agree- 
able and obliging. The grounds around the Lake 
View are pleasant, and the effort has been quite suc- 
cessfully made of leaving nature's perfect work un- 
touched while relieving it of unsightly objects, and 
making all parts trim and accessible. There are de- 
t iched buildings here for bowling and billiards, open 
space for croquet and tennis, retired walks, cozy 
seats and pleasant outlooks. A pleasant addition is 
the detached building- back am oner the trees con- 




Lake George. 43 

taining a large room for general assembly, hops, etc. 
A " dark room " on the grounds is a convenience 
that is appreciated by amateur photographers. A 
steam catamaran, built under Mr. Brown's direction 
plys between the house and Bolton Landing, about 
a mile distant, transferring guests of the house and 
baggage free. 

South of Lake View House is Concordia Bay, so 
names from the fact that its shores have been a 
favorite camping ground of the Union College 
boys. The attractive cottage on the point beyond, 
overlooking the lake from its rocky perch and ap- 
propriately called " Buena Vista " was built in 1889 
by Robert C. Alexander of the New York bar. He 
is the owner of the tract which forms the entire 
west shore of Huddle Bay, and extends back to the 
highway running from Caldwell to Bolton. Exten- 
sive improvements have recently been made on this 
property in clearing up, opening drives and vistas, 
and laying out the lake frontage into cottage sites. 
On one of these, northward from Buena Vista, Rev. 
J. D. Kennedy of Brooklyn, is building a handsome 
cottage, which will be ready for occupancy during 
the present season. Charles Dudley Warner is on 
record as saying this is one of the most exquisite 
spots on Lake George. 

32. Locust Grove is back at the northwest of 
the Lake View House. Capacity 75. Rates, $2.cx) 
per day, $9.00 to $15.00 per week. George R. Fish, 
proprietor. 

The handsome villa back of the bay indenting the 
shore north of the Lake View, with statues dis- 
tributed about the ample lawn, is the summer place 
of William B. Bement, of Philadelphia. 




i 



Lake George. 45 

33. Mohican House, E. B. Winslow, proprie- 
tor. Capacity 100. Rates, $3.50 per day, $12.00 to 
$ 20. 00 per week. Free transfer of guests and bag- 
gage to steamboat. Open the year round. P. O., 
Bolton. This is one of the desirable houses of Lake 
George and has been noted for years as the resort of 
people of culture and refinement. There is no os- 
tentatious display but on the contrary it seems to 

withdraw from the public 
gaze and seclude itself 
among the trees and flow- 
ers that deck the lake 
front. The lawn is shaded 
by locusts and maples, and 
the long point protected 
by an expensive sea-wall 
terminating at the sub- 
stantial dock where the 
little steamers land — a fa- 
vorite place with guests 
who can here catch delicious whiffs of the faintest 
breath that may be stirring across the lake. This 
was once the main landing for Bolton, with the ** line 
boat " coming and going, but the runners and guests 
from other houses, and travelers passing over the 
grounds, made it too public a thoroughfare for those 
who here sought quiet and rest, and a public dock 
w^as built in the bay at the north that might accom- 
modate all the hotels of that section. 

The house is a long, low, rambling structure after 
the southern style, with piazzas facing the lake and 
extending along its south side. The trees pres? 
their heavy tops against it, effectually shading it frorr. 
the too ardent rays of the sun. but underneath the 




4.6 Lake George. 

wind can pass freely and the views of the lake are 
interfered with scarcely at all. The parlor and din- 
ing room afford space for general assembly and t'here 
are neat, cozy sleeping rooms, nicely furnished with 
choice of ground or second floor. Such as may want 
greater seclusion than the main building affords can 
find spacious and desirable quarters in the cottage 
on the shore of the lake at the north, while toward 
the west is a newer and larger building with supe- 
rior furnishings and equipment. 

The table and service is excellent — neat, clean and 
appetizing, and in its dainty niceness very attractive 
to the refined taste, and yet the lusty ones with nat- 
ural appetites sharpened by boating excursions or 
in tramps among the picturesque hills, find an abun- 
dance that should satisfy the most ravenous. 

For amusement, croquet grounds are laid out 
under the trees, while lovers of tennis or polo, or the 
national game, find space on the level grounds at the 
west. The roads of Bolton are varied and pictur- 
esque, and those who enjoy riding or driving can se- 
cure means for the pleasure here. For boating or 
fishing, a fleet of lake boats dancing on the water 
south of the point invites attention, and guides and 
fishermen stand ready for service. Here also is one 
of the finest bathing beaches on the lake with sandy 
bottom sloping gradually out into deep water, and 
roomy bath-houses fitted with every convenience. 

From the tribe of Uncas came the name, and on 
the tall flag-staff that stood out on the point for 
many years stood a wooden warrior defying sun and 
storm, and his silhouette as it was reared against the 
bright sky is to-day the totem of the modern " Mo- 
hican." 



Lake George. 47 

The legends of the place are many. One is of a 
beautiful Indian girl who was brought a prisoner 
from the shores of the Great North Lakes by the 
Mohicans in one of their periodical war raids 
through " The Lake that is the Gate of the Country." 
Arrived at their village here, a young chief, the pride 
of the nation, gazed into the stranger's dark eyes 
and was made captive by her grace and beauty. He 
would have taken her to his wigwam in preference 
to any maiden of his own tribe but the old women 
of the nation had chosen for him another bride, and 
when he again went on the war-path, and the cruel 
old men and women only were in possession of the 
camp, it was decreed that the daughter of the 
northern tribe should die. They bound her to the 
stake, piled faggots high around her slight form and 
the fire was lighted, but as the crackling flames 
curled upward, a supernatural figure that shone like 
a blazing comet — stronger than a buffalo and 
swift as the wind — swept through the circle, scat- 
tered the blazing brands like playthings right and 
left, and seizing the willing captive, dashed out again 
before the awe-struck crowd had recovered from 
their terror. Running through the growing corn to 
the middle of the field at the west he sprang to the 
top of a large stone, and from it flew upward with 
his burden, over the hills, and the girl was never 
seen more. Curiously enough also the young brave 
came not back with his party. He had vanished out 
of their life. But thereafter, at every coming of the 
tasseled corn, some warrior of the tribe was slain by 
a mysterious being who came out from dark 
Oulusca — '^ The Place of Shadows " west of the frreat 
peaks — a warrior who shone like the fox-fire of the 



48 



Lake George. 



lowlands and whose cunning and might were beyond 
the power of human brave. The body of his victim 
was always found lying across the stone from which 
the stranger sprang over the hills, and the blood- 
stains on it took the shape of picture-writing where 
the people read their fate ; for the Great Spirit had 
decreed that for every fire-touched hair of the 
maiden's head a Mohican brave must die, until the 
tribe should be no more. 

As proof, the rock still lies in the field west of the 
house, and the old gardener, Franz Richter, points 
out the footprints of the mysterious fire-chief, the 
blood-stains of the victims that were afterward of- 
fered up ; of Indian faces and forms ; of animals 
and birds and flowers and growing trees. See Franz 
and hear the story from his lips of the *' Sacrificial 
Stone " of the Mohicans. 

1 2 3 4 5 




BOLTON BAY FROM THE NORTHEAST. 

I Lake View House ; 2 Mohican House ; 3 Steamboat Dock ; 4 Bolton 
House ; 5 Church of St. Sacrament. 

North of Mohican Point is the old ** line " boat 
landing. North of this the pretty cottage occupied 
during the season by James Palmenter, the Cran- 
berry King, of Chicago. Toward the northwest on 
a rocky bluff is the church of St. Sacrament (Episco- 
palian), its bell in front in a small tower by itself. 

35. Bolton Landing is 9^ miles north of 
Caldwell. The line boats land regularly here to re- 
ceive and deliver mail. 



Lake George. 49 

I The Bolton House, standing back a little way 
from the landing, will accommodate 100. Rates, $3 
per day ; $10 to $15 per week. John Vandenbergh 
proprietor. West of the landing is the Roman 
Catholic Church. A Baptist Church is at the hamlet 
of Bolton Landing, a quarter-mile further north. 
Here also are the Stewart and Goodman houses — 
places of good repute and moderate prices. Back 
of the ornate balustrade along shore north is Ga- 
nouskie Cottage, belonging to Ezra Benedict, of New 
York. The large, red-roofed house with glass sum- 
mer-house attached north of the Pine grove is occu- 
pied by R. W. Wilson, local manager for Commo- 
dore Simpson. Then comes a red structure with 
tall, round tower, belonging to E. B. Warren, and 
occupied by his fisherman *' Alex " Taylor. 

36. Hotel FenmORE is at the west end of the 
long bridge that connects Green Island with the 
main land. Capacity 20. The red building on the 
heights beyond belongs to Mrs. Putnam. Farther 
north is the summer residence of George W. Silcox. 



SOUTH FROM THE SAGAMORE DOCl- 



I Dome Island; 2 Elizibeth Islani ; 3 Kattskill Bay; 4 Long Isi lal ■ ? 
French Mountain ; 6 Recluse Island; 7 Canoi Islands; 8 Belvoir Island" 

The Sagamore (on Green Island, west, 9^ 
miles), M. O. Brown, proprietor. Price of Board, 
$3,50 to $4.00 per day; $17.50 to $25.00 per week, 



50 Lake George. 

according to time and season. Open June 20th to 
October. The hotel stands among the trees at the 
south end of the island, flanked by handsome, 
modern cottages. The style is that popularly sup- 
posed to belong to the sixteenth century. The 
cluster which may be considered the hotel proper is 
built at varying levels, delightfully, uncertain of 
number, picturesque and pleasing, connected by 
open corridors with charming outlooks; its varied 
porticoes, balconies and gables admirably displayed 
in colors that harmonize well with their native sur- 
roundings. Its interior finish is plain, but rich and 
substantial, showing massive beams, fireplaces of ar- 
tistic designs in terra cotta, tinted walls and joiner 



8 




SOUTH KAST FROM SAGAMORK DOCK. 

I BkW Mo':nin • ? Pilot Mountain : 3 Dome Islrtnl. 4 Katisk.ll Bay 

work in native woods. The main hall and ofifice 
and the principal parlors are on the main floor, look- 
ing out upon a velvety lawn with flower bordered 
walks sloping under the trees and revealing delight- 
ful vistas of lake and islands beyond. The line 
steamers land on every regular trip through the lake, 
connecting with the trains at each end. The accom- 
modations and general management of the Saga- 
more are of the best. 

Of the attractive cottages along shore on either 
side the one nearest the dock on the west, ''Bellevue," 
is occupied by Gen. Robert Lenox Banks of Albany. 



I 



Lake George. 



51-A 



The next, " Nirvana," is the summer place of J. B. 
Simpson, Jr., of New York, vice-commodore of the 
Lake George Yacht Club. East, and nearest the 
dock is the cottage of George Burnham, and beyond 
it the turreted '* Vapanak " belonging to E. B. War- 
ren — each a study architecturally and all charmingly 
picturesque. 

From the Sagamore dock, the boat runs almost 
due east toward the entrance to the Narrows, about 
two miles distant. 

38. Crown Island (west, 10 miles), owned by 
G. M. Dilly, of Palistine, Texas, and for sale, is a 
short distance beyond the Sagamore landing. North 



i 2 


H 




•» 


h 


6 7 


TZ^^^;^ 




^— 


Z^ .. - . 






'^^^^y^'ii^^^^i^^ 





THE NARROWS FROM THB SAGAMORK DOCK. 

I Cr wn Isl ind ; i N-^rthwest JJay ; ^ Tnnfrne \^o\i■ \ \ ; 4 Black Mountain 
" . - ■ .-bu.-, : 7 Slul/..!; Iv jck MountHiu. 



- F< 



le T<=l^n.i -6 .It. 



West Bay (or " Ganouskie " as the Indians called it) 
extends northward about four miles beyond Crown 
Island. 

39. Oahu Island (west, ii miles), is the prop- 
erty of Gen. P. F. Bellinger, of Elizabeth, N. J. 
Gen. Bellinger occupies the cottage toward the 
south, while the one near the north end is the sum- 
mer place of J. W. Moore, Chief Engineer U. S. 
Navy. 

40. Tongue Mountain rises rugged and broken, 
west of the Narrows, and, sloping gradually south- 
ward, terminates in Montcalm Point, owned by Mr. 
J. Buchanan^ Henry. West of the mountain is 



5I-B 



Lake George. 



Northwest Bay. " Green Oaks," the summer place 
of E. Corning Smith, of Albany, is on Turtle Island, 
lying northeast of Montcalm Point. 

41. The Kenesaw (East, ii miles from Cald- 
well), is on Fourteen Mile Island, H. H. Van Ara- 
nam, proprietor. Capacity lOO. Rates, $2.50 per 
day ; $10 to $15 per week.- The house, without 




making any pretentions to architectural beauty, is 
cozy, convenient and comfortable. Its piazzas and 
numerous summer houses scattered about the island 
are attractive and suggestive of good times. 

Why called Fourteen Mile Island the oldest in- 
habitant does not pretend to say. It is presumed 
however, that fourteen miles was the estimated dis- 
tance from Fort William Henry, before actual 
measurement demonstrated it to be less. The island 
has an area of twelve acres, portions of which are 
exti»««iely picturesque in combination of rock and 
soil, and with fine specimens of oak, chestnut 
and Norway pine. Its shores are rocky and broken 



Lake George. 51-c 

in some places, in others rounding smoothly over 
into the deep water, with huge, lichen-covered 
boulders, smooth, rocky floors carpeted with thick 
mosses, and hollows filled with waving ferns. Its 
varied features have made it a favorite resort with 
artists, who here found fitting studies for every 
variety of mood. 

On the east, separating it from the mainland, is a 
narrow and deep channel, through which the largest 
steamers can pass. Here is another dock where ex- 
cursion steamers land. 

Hen and Chickens at the south is a pretty 
group of islands, on one of which Delavan Blood- 
good, surgeon U. S. N., has built picturesquely after 
the fashion of an East Indian bungalow. 

Following along the rocky shore south of Four- 
teen Mile Island you find many pretty bays and 
headlands. At one point a little brook makes out 
over a beach. If you will enter the sandy gate you 
find yourself within one of the most charming 
thicket-guarded bays on the lake. Alighting where 
a noisy brook tumbles in, at its head, and following 
up a little way, you will be rewarded by the sight of 
a perfect little gem, called Shelving Rock Falls. 

42. The Hundred Island House (right, 11 54; 
miles from Caldwell), R. G, Bradley & Co., proprie- 
tors. Capacity 100, Rates, $2.50 and $ 3 per day ; 
$10 to $17.50 per week. P. O., Shelving Rock. 
Picturesque, and with pictures on every side, this sec 
tion is a favorite among artists, the lovely grouping 
of the islands and the grand lines of the surround- 
ing mountains affording beautiful studies from this 
point. En passant^ the house has a convenient dark 



The Hundred Island House. 53 

room, fitted up for the accommodation of those who 
" press the button " whether they " do all the rest " 
or leave it for others to do. 

The location is capital for a summerhouse, afford- 
ing a protected harbor for small boats, a new dock 
easy of approach for large. It is built in the most 
substantial manner possible, and with a degree of 
finish seldom applied to hotels designed simply for 
summer occupancy. The table is exceptionally 

wholesome, and 
^ served in an at- 
tractive manner. 




VLi 



liffillSlPBif' -*r' HUNDRED ISLAND HOUSE. 

'Hp^-^}f Fresh milk and vegetables come 

from the farm belonging to the house. The post- 
ofifice — " Shelving Rock " — is in the hotel ofifice, 
, and the telegraph is close by. 

I A stairway leads up to the sightly observatory, 
h from which the roof may be gained, and a view ob- 
tained that has hardly its equal anywhere on the 
lake, showing the broad, open water toward the 
south and west, the hundred islands of the Narrows, 
and the lake stretching away to Sabbath Day Point 
at the north. 



54 Lake Geokge. 

The Pearl Point House is one of the leading 
hotels of the Lake. Its furniture and appointments 
are liberal and complete in all respects. Rambling, 
quaint and profusely ornate in architectural design, 
the buildings attract much attention and admiration. 
Nestling amid abundant shade trees, surrounded by 
piazzas, with tasteful, elaborate and admirably kept 
grounds, little imagination is required to invest the 
place with unusual interest. Including two hand- 
some cottage buildings, or dormitories, the estab- 
lishment affords accommodations for one hundred 
and fifty guests. From its opening, in 1876, it has 
been exceedingly well managed, and has secured 
a permanent reputation and patronage of superior 
character. It is conducted on strict temperance 
principles, and on that account has peculiar attrac- 
tions to many. 

The location in the Narrows, faced and flanked by 
" The Hundred Islands," on account of the shelter 
afforded by the islands, make boating delightful in 
any state of the wind, while the fishing of the neigh- 
borhood is excelled nowhere on the Lake. That 
both may be enjoyed without stint, the proprietor 
makes a special feature of his boat livery, having 
provided a numerous and really elegant fleet of 
boats of various styles and sizes, suitable for every 
requirement, all equipped with the best in the way 
■ of oars, cushions, etc. Telegraph wires and daily 
mail-s enable guests to communicate readily with the 
outer world. D. W. Sherman, proprietor. Rates 
$3.50 per day, $12.00 to $21.00 per week. 



The Narrows. 

Ranger Island is west of Pearl Point The prettj 
cottage with sharp peaked tower belongs to a de- 
voted disciple of old Isaac Walton, Justice F. E. 
Ranger, of Glens Falls. Next at the north ifi Juanita 
Island, where the Bullard Brothers — and sisters 
— come every summer. The "Glen Club" — com- 
posed of some of the solid men of Glens Falls, 
and commonly called the cold water club, for obvi- 
ous reasons — become boys again every year on th« 
i'^and north of Juanita. 

Phantom Island is next, with its attractive cottage 
and tastefully decorated summer houses and grounds 
It is owned and occupied during the summer by 
Hon. Jerome Lapham, of Glens Falls. It was for- 
merly the home of " the hermit," J. Henry Hill, 
who came here in 1870, built the house and occu- 
pied it alone until 1876, when he was adjudged 
insane, and removed temporarily to an asylum, 
where he soon recovered. He belonged to a family 
of artists, and was himself one of considerable abil- 
ity — his professed object here being the study of 
nature. 

Gem Island and cottage, northeast from Phantom, 
is where another solid Glens Falls club '* receives," 
during the season. Gravelly Island is the nearest 
large island toward the north from Pearl Point. 

Over under the west shore is Turtle and Phelps* 
Islands. Camp Colvin, on the latter, belongs to a 
Glens Falls man — in fact GlensvilHans have pre- 
empted a considerable portion of this attractive 
group of islands, and still cry for more. 



Lake George. 

Burnt Island is the largest of the Hundrea 
island group, and occupies a central position toward 
the north. On it half wild goats have for several 
years lived and bred. 

As-You-Were Island is the last of the group 
near the west shore. 




t ^ t ^ 

KAftBOB \i. rwCTWc Ewnwr ixiAiBt poiUBBfl fmm 



Little Harbor Island, east of the last named 
has on its north border one of the curious holes in 
the rock supposed by some to have been the work 
of the aborigines. 

Fork Island, its shape suggesting the name, 
terminates the cluster at the northeast. 

Paradise Point, a beautiful peninsula — site of a 
proposed hotel colony — extends from the east shore, 
separating Red Rock Bay on the south from Para- 
dise Bay on the north, the latter guarded by a cluster 
of very pretty islands. 

There are others, a multitude of them, some rising 
abruptly from the depths, moss-draped and thicket- 
crowned, while others only see the light when the 
water sinks to its lowest level. All around are 
treacherous shoals and reefs, and when the light is 
.right and the water rough, you may see the surface 
checked and spotted by the bright green that marks 
:.their position, while the little steamer, with many i 
graceful turn, threads the labyrinth as the verdant 
gateways open and close along her course. 



Lake George. 57 

French Point projects from the west shore, 13 
miles north of Caldwell. The shore here is rueffed 
and broken, running in places straight up from the 
water, Tongue mountain rising sheer from the little 
plateau. The Sherman House that stood here was 
burnt to the ground at the close of the season of 
1889. 

Black Mountain stands on our right, the mon- 
arch of the lake stretching away to the north, seem- 
ing to recede as we approach and trav.el with us, its 
granite crest lifted over two thousand feet above us, 
its rocky sides seamed and scarred and reddened by 
fires that have swept over it in times past. A senti- 
nel, It seems, overlooking the whole lake and moun- 
tains round about ; the first to welcome the rising 
sun, and at evening, glowing in the splendor of the 
dying day, while the valleys below are misty with 
the shadows of coming night. From its summit, 
2,661 feet above tide, and 2,315 above Lake George, 
nearly the entire lake may be seen. To the north 
is Lake Champlain ; at the east lie the Green Moun- 
tains; on the west and north the Adirondacks rise 
one above another, while away toward the south, 
like a thread of silver, stretches the mighty Hudson. 
Don' t forget to take an extra blanket or heavy 
shawl if you make the ascent, — and don't forget the 
luncheon. Horicon Pavilion, which stood on the 
cleared space southwest of Black Mountain called 
Black Mountain Point, was destroyed by fire April 
2 1st, 1889. It was a poem in wood and stone, a 
work of art that seemed here a part of nature's self. 
From this point an excellent road ascends to the top 
of Black Mountain. '^ 




I I 



Lake George. 59 

Half Way Isle is under the west shore, the 
centre of a circle, of which the circumference is the 
rim of a mountain that rises, amphitheater-like, around 
its western side. As its name indicates, it marks the 
centre of the lake. 

The " Three Sirens," lovely and inviting, but 
surrounded by dangerous shoals and reefs, are out 
in the middle of the lake nearly opposite Halfway 
Island. 

Hatchet Island is one of the same chain; the 
derivation of the name is unknown, but tradition 
connects it with a good little boy who couldn't tell 9 
lie. 

One Tree Island It fe just outside the channel 
The stump is all that remains of that "one tree." 

Floating Battery is north of One Tree Island, 
the southernmost large island of a group lying along 
the east shore, opposite the highest point of Black 
Mountain. In the little bay on its south margin is the 
remains of what is said to be one of the two 
"castles," floating batteries, or gunboats, built to 
accompany Abercrombie down the lake in his ad- 
vance on Ticonderoga, in 1758. The name is some- 
times applied to the entire group, as it stretches 
along shore. 

Mother Bunch is the name given to the north- 
ernmost member of the group, because, it Is said, of 
a fancied resemblance between a portion of the island 
and an old woman; it is a beautiful tribute to the 
memory of the old lady any way, while the classic 
elegance and appropriateness of the name only fell 



Thb Harbor Islands. 

short of absolute inspiration in that it was not 
advanced a step farther to ** Grandmother" Bunch, 
and done with it 

The Gives Rock is a solid wall, breaking off 
perpendicularly ft-om the mountain slope on the right, 
north of Mother Bunch; water constantly drips over 
its face, and cives, a species of garlic growing in 
tufts, and liked as a relish by some, spring spontane- 
ously from its fissures ; the largest boat can be laid 
up along side of this rock in still weather. A venera- 
ble landmark, known to have been there sixty-five 
years, is an old stub, projecting a Httle above the sur- 
face, and swaying about just outside the usual course 
of the steamer; below the portion that has been worn 
down by the ice it is four feet in diameter, its point 
downward, and supposed to be anchored in the 
bottom of the lake. The water here is seventy feet in 
depth. 

The Harbor Islands are near the center of the 
lake, the west channel passing close by their western 
border ; they are owned by the Paulists, who received 
a title to them from the State, in 1872, and who 
occupy them occasionally as a camping place. The 
group is the first of any considerable size on the 
west side, north of the Narrows, and was once the 
scene of one of the bloodiest engagements in the 
history of the lake. On the 2 5 th of July, 1757, a party 
of between three and four hundred English, command- 
ed by GoL John Parker, left Fort William Henry, and 
under cover of the darkness proceeded rfown the 



Lake George. oi 

lake on a scout. When near this place, at dawn of 
the next morning, dark objects shot out from among 
the islands and the surrounding gloom to meet 
them, while the savage war-whoop sounded on all 
sides. As the yelling horde advanced the English 
became panic-stricken and sought safety in flight. 
But their clumsy barges were no match for the light 
canoes of the enemy. Some threw themselves into 
the lake and succeeded in reaching the shore, there 
to be pursued and struck down by the savages. 

One hundred and thirty-one of the English were 
killed outright, twelve escaped, and the rest were 
taken prisoners. Of the latter. Father Roubaud, 
a Jesuit priest, says in his " Relations " : '' The 
first object which presented itself to my eyes on 
arriving there was a large fire, while the wooden 
spits fixed in the earth gave signs of a feast — 
indeed, there was one taking place. But oh, 
Heaven, what a feast ! The remains of the body 
of an Englishman were there, the skin stripped off 
and more than one-half of the flesh gone. A moment 
after I perceived these inhuman beings eat, with 
famishing avidity, of this human flesh ; I saw them 
taking up this detestable broth in large spoons, and, 
apparently, without being able to satisfy themselves 
with it ; they informed me that they had prepared 
themselves for this feast by drinking from skulls filled 
with human blood, while their smeared faces and 
stained lips gave evidence of the truth of the story." 
The good father attempted to reason with them, but 
to no avail. One said to him : " Vou have French 
taste ; I have Indian ; this food is good for me'' of- 
fering at the same time a piece of the human flesh 
to the horrified priest. 



Lake (jbo&gb. 
** Captain Sam " 

Vicar's Island is just north of the Harbor Islands 
Here, on its northern border, an affecting incident 
transpired once, of which Captain Sam Patchen, 
who lived at Sabbath Day Point at the time, was 
tne hero. One winter's day he conceived the idea of 
sailing his grist to Bolton mill on the ice. So, 
piling the bags of grain into the old cutter, with a 
pitchfork, held firmly in his hands, for a rudder, ho 
hoisted sail and sped away before a stronc: north 
wind 




1 ne ice was **glare," and the cutter sailed well — 
remarkably well ; but there was not so much cei- 
tainty about the satisfactory behavior ot the stecr- 
mg apparatus. The old man, it is said, was given 
to spiritual things occasionally, and had, on this 
occasion, evidently hoisted in rather too much r)?c 
in the Uquid form to conduce to the safe transporta- 
tion of that in the baes. The craft insisted on 



Lake George. 63 

heading directly for the island, and could not be 
diverted from its course — it was of the kind called 
"jumper" — a mettlesome old jumper at that, and 
the captain had a great deal of confidence in its 
ability to do whatever it undertook. So he decided 
to jump the island. He tried it. It was not, strictly 
speaking, a success. The cutter reached the shore, 
and paused against a rock, but Sam was anxious to 
get along, and continued on with the bags and finally 
brought up in a snow-drift. 

Captain Sam was always dignified, and on this 
occasion it is said his manner of resting on that 
snow-drift was remarkably impressive. Even the 
snow felt moved, and the island itself was touched, 
and when he came out and set his radiant face home- 
ward he was not a Sam of joy or a Sam of thanks- 
giving, but a Sam abounding in language that would 
set a mule driver up in business, and bring despair 
to the boss canvasman of any circus traveling. 

Deer's Leap Mountain is on the west, a little way 
north of^ Vicar's Island. The top is rounded, the 
side facing the lake a perpendicular wall of rock. 
at its foot are great fragments of rock that have 
fallen from time to time, and said to be a favorite 
resort for the rattlesnake. Once on a time a buck 
pursued by hunters, was driven to the brow of the 
precipice, a pack of yelling hounds close at his heels. 

" Not the least obeisance made he ; 
Not a minute stopped or stayed he— 

but leaping fearlessly, far out over the giddy height, 
was impaled on the sharp point of a tree below. 

Hulett's Landing (east, 18 miles from Cald- 
well), Henry W. Buckell, manager. Capacity, 125. 
Rates, $2.50 per day ; $9 to $14.00 per week. Open 
June to November. P. O., Hulett's Landing. 



64 Lake George. 

The surroundings are exceedingly wild and inter- 
esting. The plan for the entertainment of guest? 
is of a central building containing the general ofifice, 
with post and telegraph ofifices, a second containing 
assembly, and music rooms ; a third with the dining- 
room, kitchen, etc., connected with the first by a 
picturesque covered walk, and several detached 
cottages that may be rented by families or assigned 
to guests in common with the rooms in the main 
building. Steamers land going each way. It can 
be reached also via Chubb's Dock on the D. & H. 
R. R., 5 miles east. A wagon road has been made 
from this point to within a mile of the top of Black 
Mountain. 

Meadow Point is north of Hulett's on the same 
shore. A cluster of pretty cottages here, fitted up 
with neccessary conveniences may be rented with 
or without board. Here Cyrus Butler hoped to es- 
tablish a summer school of music, painting and 
botany but in his death the enterprise lost its in- 
spiration and *' Horicon " an ardent admirer. He 
was one of the most lovable of men, a sympathic 
friend and a generous enthusiast whose benefactions 
were limited only by his means as many a struggling 
genius can mournfully attest. 

Hog's Back is the rugged mountain back of 
Meadow Point. Near its highest point Putnam and 
Rogers once came upon an Indian encampment, and, 
after the heroic manner of warfare in those days, left 
none to tell the tale. Illustrative of the brutal 
nature of the man and the spirit of retaliation which 
to some seemed to justify the most cruel measures, 
Rogers, it is said, killed an Indian baby by dashing 



Lake George. 



65 



its brains out against a tree, and when remonstrated 
with by Putnam said, '* It's a nit and will be a 
louse if I let it." 

The red-roofed, Swiss-like building, on a point be- 
yond Meadow Point, is the summer place of De 
Lorm Knowlton, of New York. North of Hog's 
Back stretches Spruce Mountain — strikingly bold 
and precipitous. 



ROGER S ROCK. ANTHONY'S NOSE. 




SABBATH DAY PT 



ODEL I. BLUFF HEAD. 



Bluff Head is the long point extending out 
from the east shore. Th t late Rev. A. D. Gillette, 
D. D., for many years pastor of Calvary Church, 
New York, made this his summer home. His widow 
and sons. Dr. Walter R. and David G. Gillette have 
cottages here now. 

From Hulett's Landing, we run diagonally across 
the lake to Sabbath Day Point, about two miles dis- 



SHKLVING ROCK. 



TONGUE MT. 




DEER S LEAP. 



tant. As we draw near to the dock glance back- 
ward toward Black Mountain. Note how the old 
giant asserts his supremacy, rising up and o'er top- 
ping his less stately supporters. A little further 
along and he is again the stately centre of the pict- 
ure 



66 Lake George. 

The Elephant stands back there at the north 
end of Black Mountain. See his well-formed head 
toward the west ; his eye, and the rift that marks the 
outline of his massive jaw ; the wrinkled neck and 
great round back, with scattered bristles of dead 
pines clearly defined against the sky beyond. 

Sugar Loaf Mountain is over at the left of the 
Elephant. Its summit, viewed from a little distance 
north of Sabbath Day Point, looks very like a pig 
lying down, with his sharp nose pointing east. These 
animals were, undoubtedly, a part of the lot created 
*Mn the beginning." 

Twin Mountains are seen in the southwest from 
Sabbath Day Point. The southernmost one is the 
Deer's Leap, the other locally known as Bloomer 
Mountain. 







TWIOIOUNTAWS: 



Sabbath Day Point (west, about 1914 miles 
from Caldwell). Capacity, 2$, P.O., Sabbath Day 
Point- F. A. Carney, Proprietor. 

Sabbath Day Point has been the scene of mar.v 
stirring incidents in the history of Lake George. It 
commands the approach by water on either hand, 
and would naturally be selected for a camping place 
by parties who had reason to expect an enemy near. 
Here, in 1756, a body of provincials, under Putnam 
and Rogers, repulsed a superior force of French and 
Indians ; and on the 5th of July, 1758, Abercrombie, 



Lake George. dy 

with his splendidly equipped army of over fifteen 
thousand men, landed for rest and refreshment, 
remaining until near midnight, when he moved down 
the lake, leaving immense fires burning, to give his 
watchful enemy the impression that he was still 
there. 

In September of the following year Gen. Amherst, 
with twelve thousand men, drew his boats up on 
the sandy beach west of the house, and passed the 
Sabbath with appropriate religious ceremonies. 
To this circumstance is sometimes ascribed the name, 
although it had been called Sabbath Day Point for 
some years before. It is said also, but on doubtful 
authority, that an engagement occurred here in 
1776 between fifty Americans and a force of tories 
and Indians, resulting in the defeat of the latter. 

In 1765, eleven years before the engagement 
spoken of, we find record of a house here, occupied 
by one Samuel Adams. In 1798, Capt. Sam Patchen 
(hero of the cutter ride to Vicar's Island) built a 
log-house near the ^ite of the present building, since 
which the Point has never been without its resident 
family, The late owner of the Point, also named 
Sam — Capt. Sam Westurn, lived here for many 
years, a genial pleasant companion. The place is 
very homelike, wholesome and pleasant. 

The Indian Kettles, at the edge of the water on 
the bay north of the Point, are good specimens of 
rock boring — but you wonder whence the grinding 
power that should create them — by the side of 
quiet water. 

Grace Memorial Chapel was erected here in 
1885 in memory of the wife of Mr. Norman Dodge, 
daughter of Rev. A. D. Gillette, D.D. It cost 



Lake George. 69 

about $7,000, contributed by the New York families 
who had made this place their summer home. 

On the west shore south of Sabbath Day Point 
are summer cottages severally owned in the order 
here given, by J. M. Jackson, J. J. Wilson, W. H. 
Van Cott and Rev. A. H. McKinney. On the point 
north of the steamboat landing is the summer place 
of J. F. Chamberlain Esq., of New York. A mile 
further north are the cottages of Rev. C. F. Hage- 
man, Rev. D. B. Wyckoff and Dr. Landon. 

Silver Bay (landing, telegraph and post office, 
west 22 miles from Caldwell) J. J. Wilson, pro- 
prietor. Capacity, 75. Rates $10 to $15 according 
to room. The house is a little distance back from 
the lake to which the land slopes easily, looking, 
with its surrounding buildings like a little village. 
It has its own post office called "Silver Bay" in com- 
mon with the charming harbor near by. It is sup- 
plied with the necessary conveniences insuring com- 
fort and furnishes admirable quarters and fare. 
Boating, bathing and fishing facilities are ample for 
all the acquatic needs and pleasures of guests. For 
hunting and climbing among the western hills — 
which stretch so invitingly along parallel with the 
lake and up which, back of the house run paths like 
network over the open space— nature has presum- 
ably supplied all that may be considered necessary, 
or if not it takes but little time here in the gloriously 
bracing air of Lake George, to get the requisite 
energy and strength, and the exhilaration of the 
climb and the beautiful views to be had when on its 
summit, or the game found in its depths, well repays 
one for the exertion, 



70 Lake George. 

Scotch Bonnet, four miles north of Sabbath 

Day Point, is a flat rock, lying west of the channel, 

and but a little above the surface. It was so called 

because of the resemblance which a cedar tree, that 
once grew on its surtace, bore to a bCotch cap or 




3 4 5 67 

6OUTH FROM NEAR HAGUE. 

I Sugarloaf Mt. ; 2 Black Mt.; 3 Odel Is.; 4 Bluff Head ; 5 Hulett's Landing; 
6 Sabbath Day Point ; 7 Slim Pt.; 8 Scotch Bonnet. 

*' bonnet." The '* Umbrella Tree " stands on the 
point near by, beyond which as the steamer rounds 
into the western bay is seen Hague with its pictur- 
esque village stretching along shore. 



HAGUE. 




J 



i/AGUE is situated on a broad, sweeping 
bay, at the west side of the lake, 28 
miles from its head. The general char- 
acter of its scenery is peaceful, lacking 
the grandeur of the Narrows, but here 
the artist will find plenty of matter for 
study in the great variety of foliage, lichens and 
mosses, the many-colored rocks, the rugged islands 
and the graceful elms, whose slender branches droop 
and sway like the weeping willow, the Hke of which 
is seen nowhere else at the lake. 

Good bass fishing is found near by, and two fine 
trout brooks render the place attractive to those who 
throw the fly, while the shore, all the way back to 
Sabbath Day Point, is considered good hunting 
ground. A walk up the valley road, north of the 
house, gives a number of the most charming bits of 
scenery imaginable. 

The Phcenix Hotel is the large, white three- 
story building seen a little way north of the steam- 
boat landing. The house will accommodate fifty, 
comfortably. A level, grassy lawn stretches from 
the house out to the sandy beach along the water 



72 Lake George. 

front. Rates not given. Qeorge F. Marshall, pro- 
prietor. 

'' The HlLLSlDE,"John McClanathan, proprietor, 
is situated a few rods north of the Phoenix. Ca- 
pacity 75. Rates, $1.50 per day; $8 to $10 per 
week. Open June 15 to October. 

Trout House, Charles H. Wheeler, proprietor. 
Capacity 40. Rates, $1.25 per day; $7 to |8 per 
week. Open all the year. Here the most whole- 
some of country fare is provided, and homelike 
comfort rules the establisment from one yearns end 
to the next. It is one of the places where you are 
made to feel that your welcome is not always 
gauged by the length of your purse. "Charley" 
can tell to a nicety just where the big trout is to be 

1 2 3 4 5 




HAGUE FROM THE SOUTHEAST. 

I Steamboat Landing ', 2 Phoenix Hotel ; 3 Hillside House ; 4 Trout House; 
5 Rising House. 

found, and, next to landing it himself, he enjoys 
showing some favored one the way to do it. A 
tennis court is a pleasant feature here. 

The Rising House a short distance north of 
the Trout House, on the flank of a hill that, rising 
into quite a mountain toward the west, comes thickly 
wooded down almost to the door. It commands 
a most extensive view and is well spoken of for its 
table and general accommodations. Will accommo- 
date about 25 guests. B. A. Rising, proprietor. 



Lake George. 



73 



I 




Island Harbor (west, i mile north of Hague 
landmg), A. C. Clifton, proprietor. Capacity 50. 
Rates $1.50 per day, $8 per week. 

Island Harbor is the name given to the cluster ot 
houses on the west shore of the bay, formed by the 
enclosing group known as Cook's Islands. It is 
much frequented by sports- 
men, and has a record for 
big f\sh, approached by few 
places along the lake. The 
location, while retiring, 
shows lovely vistas through 
the islands, and affords safe 
boating, even in the rough- 
est vv^eather. The table is 

excellent. 

Free conveyance between 

steamboats. . 

Waltonian Isle is the outermost and largest ot 
the group of nine outside Island Harbor. The 
steamboat rounds close to its rugged shores. 

Ten miles away at the south, the " Elephant^ 
stretches his huge bulk across the lake; over his 
head Black Mountain stands guard, growing misty 
along the distant narrows. 

Near by, at the north, is Friend's Point, a pleasant 
tree-bordered meadow, quiet and beautiful enough 
now, but of old, the scene of bloody engagements, 
being then, as now, a favorite camping ground ^ 

On the right is Blair's Bay, setting well back into 
the eastern shore. At its head are cleared fields in 
the town of Putnam— a bit of civilization reaching out 
from the section beyond, and seeming almost foreign 
in its lack of interest to the rest of Lake George. 



Lakb Gsorgb. 

Anthony's Nosb extends west along the north 
side of Blair's Bay. It is heavily wooded, except- 
ing in spots where a cliff is presented or where itf 
western point rounds over sharply into the lake 
From a position well back on the south side of Blair's 
Bay can be seen a perfect face in profile, with smooth 
brow, Roman nose, firm lip and bearded chin, look- 
ing out toward the west from the perpendicular wall 
at the second mountain step. It cannot be seen 
from the passing steamer. 




AITTHOinr'* MOSS. 

We pass close to the point of the mountain, so 
near that a stone could be easily tossed against its 
iron-stained sides, and we struggle with incipient 
profanity to note where some vandal quack has 
paraded his nostrums before a long suffering pubic, 
desecrating the face of nature, aye, even out- 
raging its very nose with his vinegary compound, 
and, with the wish father to the thought, we look 
down into the depths to see if, perchance, retribution 
did not overtoke him in the act and leave some 
record for our gratification. 

This is said to be the deepest portion of the lake, 
put down as being anywhere from four to five hun 
dred feet in depth, and a stone loosened from its bed 



Rogers' Slidb. 

above, is hsard in dull, heavy thuds as it leaps from 
crag to crag down through the water to the unseen 
bottom. 

Rogers' Slide is toward the west, a moun- 
tain nearly a thousand feet high, with smoothly 
rounded top and precipitous sides. It is rich in 
minerals, many beautiful specimens of garnet hav- 
ing been found along its summit, and also graphite 
or black lead, which exists in considerable quan- 
tities. Nearly half of its entire height is a smooth 
wall of rock descending at a sharp angle to the 
water's edge. It is said to have received its name 
from the following circumstance : In the winter of 
1757-8, Robert Rogers, with a small party of 
Rangers, was sent to make observations at Ticon- 
deroga and Crown Point, where he fell in with a 
oarty of the enemy, and the skirmish which ensued 
resulted in the total defeat of the English. Rogers 
escaped, and, pursued by the savages, made for the 
summit of what was then called Bald Mountain, 
probably, with the object of putting in practice the 
ruse which his dare-devil nature had suggested. 
Arrived at the brow of the precipice, he threw his 
"luggage" down "the steep walls, and, reversing 
himself on his snow-shoes, made his way down 
through a ravine, at the southwest, to the lake ; 
thence around to the foot of the slide. The savages, 
following to the edge of the mountain, where the 
track of the snow-shoes seemed lost in the path 
made by a falling body, expecting, of course, that 
whoever had attempted it could not have reached 
the bottom alive, must have been considerably sur 
prised to sec the brave major making oflT on the ice 



Lake Georgb. 



toward the head of the lake. It is probable that 
they took it for granted that he had actually gone 
down the steep wall; this admitted, signs that at 
another time would have lead to the discovery of 
the ruse at once, were overlooked, and they, feeling 
that he must be under the protection of the " Great 
Spirit," with characteristic reverence for their Deity, 
desisted from further pursuit 




»06arg ^gj f^SI^aS^^ 



Rogers' Rock Mountain may be ascended by a 
good path leading from the hotel north of the slide 
to the top, from which point may be had a view of 
surprising grandeur and extent. On its summit, 

looking like a tiny bird cage from below, is seen a 
summer house built by Boston's celebrated divine, 
the Rev. Joseph Cook, whose birth-place is just 
oyer the other side in pleasant Trout Brook Valley. 
Mr. Cook spends much of his summerings at the 
old homestead and may often be seen on the moun- 
tain-top, looming grandly against the sunset sky. 

The Rogers' Rock Hotel stands on a bold 
promontory just north of Rogers' Shde, and supplies 
the long felt need of a first-class house at this end 
of the lake. Around it cluster some of the most 
interesting reminiscences of the past; near by arc 
deep waters and running brooks; from its com- 
manding position it looks out over the narrowing 
waters of the outlet and south to where Black Moun- 



Lake George. 



77 



tain stands guard over the way ; backwards, a road 
winds through the wood and up the mountain, and 
woodland paths run here and there with guide boards 
pointing the way to interesting places. The steam- 
boats land on the regular trips. Small boats in va- 
riety give facilities for fishing or pleasure excursions. 
A cottage on the 
height, nearly 150 
feet above the 
house, and another 
at the lake 
shore, 'g\\i^ 




guests a choice 
in altitudes afforded by 
no other hotel at Lake 
George. The house 
abounds in quaint, old- 
fashioned furniture and 
bric-a-brac. An immense fireplace gives genial 
warmth to parlor and connecting office. Soft moun- 
tain spring water, never failing in the dryest times, 
supplies the house and is carried to every floor, 
Post-office created for the house named " Rogers 
Rock " and telegraph office are here. Capacity 125. 
Rates, $3 per day ; $17.50 to $28 per week. Hon. 
T. J. Treadway, manager. 

Baldwin, 32 miles from Caldwell, is at the end 
of steamboat ride, and here cars are taken for the 
Champlain steamers at Fort Ticonderoga landing. 



Prisoner's Isle. 79 

Howe's Landing is the bit of circling beach 
north of the dock. Here Abercrombie, with his 
army of 15,000 men, and Lord Howe, their life and 
moving spirit, landed on the 6th of July, 1758, and 
advanced toward Ticonderoga. '^ 

The French, who retreated as the English advanced, 
burned their bridges across the outlet, thus compel- 
ling their enemies to follow along the outer circle 
made by the stream as it sweeps around toward the 
east and south where, it empties into Lake Cham- 
plain. In the valley, north of where we cross the 
outlet, Howe, at the head of his detachment, fell in 
with a portion of the retreating French, and a skir- 
mish ensued. At the first fire the gallant young leader 
fell, and with him the hopes of the army. Aber- 
crombie sounded the recall and did not advance 
again until the evening of the next day ; this delay 
allowing the French to strengthen their defences at 
the old lines, and is probably the main reason for 
the defeat of the English at that place. 

Prisoner's Isle is out in the lake east of Howe's 
Landing. ^Tradition says the French used it as a 
prison pen." Another version of the account places 
the English in possession, and a party of French — 
taken by Abercrombie in the earlier stages of his 
advance on Ticonderoga, and who escaped during the 
night by wading ashore — their guests, and properly 
enough receives marked attention on account of this 
very interesting story. -> It seems characteristic, how- 
ever, of the head that controlled the whole move- 
ment, and suggests the thought that, if this eminently 
sagacious and far-seeing warrior, Abercrombie, trust- 



8o TiCONDEROGA 

ed to the depth of the water to keep a drove o\ 
Frenchmen, like a drove of sheep, he did not im- 
mediately, on discovering that they actually intended 
to fight, surrender himself and army to them ; but, 
no ! by the most profound strategy he succeeded in 
making a brilliant retreat, and escaped with the rem- 
nant of his army — consisting, then, of only about 
thirteen thousand men — from Montcalm's over- 
whelming force of thirty-five hundred! 

Toward the north, the lake rapidly narrows down 
to a mere creek, hastening to its fall, and the crystal 
water is discolored by the clay of the bottom. 
Formerly the boats ran nearly a mile further to the 
old dock. 

Here at the outlet, once when May flowers were 
blooming in the wood, came the martyr priest who 
gave it the beautiful name of St. Sacrament, and 
was the first white man to gaze upon its beauties. 
A century passed, and, in 1757, another Frenchman 
went southward over its waters ; the first came with 
bible and cross preaching peace ; the second with 
fire and sword and a hord of savage beasts to fated 
Fort William Henry. 

The following year came Abercrombie, to be driven 
back while the flower of the British army lay on the 
bloody field of Ticonderoga, and the next year, slow 
but resistless in its march, came the army of Amherst, 
and before it, the French were swept rorthward, their 
hold on " the lake, that is the gate 01 the country," 
gone forever. 



LAKB GLORGB. 



Mount Defiance, a little elevation cast of tht 
outlet, which can hardly be dignified by the name 
of mountain, commands old Fort Ticonderoga, ly- 







ing over on the othe 
side, and received its 
name when, in 1777, 
Biirgoyntj from its 
summit, trained guns 
on the old fort 

The Upper Falls 
of Ticonderoga may 
be seen on the left as 
we approach to cross 
the outlet. It is one 
of the best water priv- 
ileges in the country, 
supplied by a reservoir 
that never floods or 
fails. A cotton fac- 
tory, pulp mills, etc, 
here, give employment to a large number of op- 
eratives. 

Ticonderoga (village), three miles from Bald- 
win and two from Lake Champlain, contains about 



82 TiCONDEROGA. 

1,500 inhabitants. The water-power is considerable, 
and the stream navigable for small steamers from 
the foot of the lower falls out into Lake Champlain. 

The Burleigh House is at Ticonderoga village. 
E. J. Wood, proprietor. Rates, $2.50 per day; $10 
to $20 per week. It was named after Hon. H. G. 
Burleigh, of national fame, who owns the building. 
It is the leading hotel of this section, and offers 
many attractions to summer visitors. It is a hand- 
some building, with modern conveniences, including 
electric bells, electric lights, and steam heat. It 
spreads a superior table. It is nearest to Fort Ti- 
conderoga of any house that the visitor, will ordi- 
narily, care to patronize, and it is a convenient centre 
for various interesting drives. Next to having back 
the good old times when staging was the regular 
means of crossing from one Lake to the other, is an 
excursion over the historic ground, in the tally-ho 
belonging to the Burleigh House, with the accom- 
panying oratorical historico-legendry accompani- 
ment, by the driver, which will be furnished if due 
notice be sent in advance, to the proprietor of the 
Burleigh House, at Ticonderoga. 

Fort Ticonderoga (lake station) is at the east 
foot of Mt. Defiance, five miles from Baldwin. Here 
Lake George trains connect with the Champlain 
steamers and cars from the north and south. The 
old fort can be seen at the north, about a mile distant 
from the landing. Refreshments can be had at the 
old Ft. Ticonderoga Hotel by the lake shore. 

Tickets are good, either by boat or rail, as far north 
as Plattsburgh, giving travelers the choice between 
an afternoon spent on the lake, or at the Ruins. At 
Plattsburgh, passengers by boat and train unite. 



LAKE CHAMPLAIN. 




HE first white sporting man that ever 
visited the Adirondacks was Samuel 
deChamplain, a Frenchman, who, in 
1609, joined a company of native Ca- 
nadian tourists on a gunning expe- 
dition toward the south, when he fell 
in with a party of Iroquois, and suc- 
ceeded in bagging a number. Sam- 
uel was an enthusiastic sportsman, 
and of a vivacious, happy disposition, as witness his 
felicitous description of the manner in which he, at 
the first shot, brought down three out of four Abo- 
rigines, who broke cover, then pursued and killed 
some others. After this adventure, which hap- 
pened the same year that Hendrick Hudson sailed 
up the river that now bears his name, and 1 1 years 
before the Pilgrims landed on Plymouth Rock, he 
wrote an account of the affair, modestly calling the 
sheet of water explored after himself — Lake Cham- 
plain. Just two centuries after his passage in a 
canoe, the first steamboat was launched on the lake. 
When Champlain came, the Indians called the lake 
Cani adere qiiarante, spelled in various ways, and 
^aid by learned authorities, who copy it from some 
one else, to mean '' the lake that is the gate of the 
country." By the early French, who did not 
choose to recognize Champlain's right to the name, 



<e" 



H^ 



L'i.*' 



* 



/ 



Lake Champlain. 

it was known as Mere les Iroquois, or '' Iracosia." 
A book published in 1659 speaks of it as ''the lake 
of Troquois, which, together with a river of the 
same name, running into the river of Canada, is 60 
or 70 leagues in length. In the lake are four fair 
islands, which are low and full of goodly woods and 
meadows, having store of game for hunting. 
Stagges, Fallow Dear, Elks, Roe Bucks, Beavers, 
and other sorts of beasts." In shape it is very like 
a long, slim radish, with Whitehall at the little end. 

On the east is Vermont, sweeping away in a 
broad, cultivated plain, that gradually ascends to 
the ridges of the Green Mountains. Along the 
southern and central part of the lake, the rocky 
western shores step down to the water's edge and 
backward, rise peak on peak, wild, broken, and 
grand — the Adirondack Mountains. Here and 
there are bits of cultivated land, and breaks in the 
mountain-gateways to the wilderness. Then, as 
you go north, the mountains fall away back into 
the interior, and a level, well-cultivated country pre- 
sents itself. 

Its length, from Whitehall to Fort Montgomery, 
is 107^ miles ; its greatest width, which is near the 
outlet of Au Sable River, is 12^ miles, anc 
greatest depth (at a point ij4> miles southeast ol 
Essex Landing), 399 feet. Measuring down into 
Missisquoi bay, the extreme length of the lake may 
be found at about 118 miles. Its elevation above 
tide is 99 feet. It contains a number of beautiful 
islands, principally near the north end, the two 
largest known respectively as North and South 
Hero, and collectively as Grand Isle, a county of 
Ver^'iont. 



Whitehall. 

The D. & H. R. R., extending along the west 
shore of the lake, in an air line, between New York 
and Montreal, is the main artery of travel between 
the two great cities. At various points, rail or stage 
routes diverge, leading to the central portions of 
the wilderness. 

2. Whitehall"^ is at the head of Lake Cham- 
plain; 219 miles north of New York, 78 from Al- 
bany. It was originally called Skeenesborough, 
after Col. Philip Skeene, who accompanied Aber- 
crombie in 1758; was wounded in his attack on 
Ticonderoga, and, after Amherst's victorious ad- 
vance the following year, was appointed comman- 
dant at Crown Point, at which time he projected 
the settlement. In 1765, he obtained a grant of 
the township, and, in 1770, took up his residence 
here. On the breaking out of the Revolution he 
took sides with the Royalists, accompanied Bur- 
goyne in his expedition against Ticonderoga, and 
was captured with him at Saratoga. His property 
was confiscated by act of Legislature in 1779. 

At Whitehall, the train from the south divides, — 
a part going east, the remainder north, along the 
principal street, through the tunnel, and across the 
marsh-bottomed basin, toward a notch cut out of its 
farther rim. Just before entering the rock cut al- 
luded to, we see on the east a short double crook, 
in a narrow channel, known as '' Fiddler's Elbow," 
where, under water, are the hulks of some of the ves- 
sels engaged in the battle of Plattsburgh in 1 8 14. 
On the high point of rocks just over and slightly to 
the north of the Elbow is Fort Putnam, where Gen- 

* In going south along Lake Champlain, read numbered paragraphs in re- 
verse order, begining at Rouse's Point, page 153. '^ 



Lake Champlain. 97 

eral Israel Putnam lay in ambush, waiting for the 
French and Indians under the command of Marin. 

The train skims over the surface of the marsh on 
the long trestle, straight as an arrow flies, for a mile, 
and over the draw at the outlet of South Bay around 
which Dieskau led his men to attack Fort Edward, 
in September of 1755. 

Winding in and out, we continue along the west 
shore. On the east, at intervals, are the odd, little 
numbered light-houses, and posts where lanterns are 
hung nights to mark the tortuous channel. Low, 
reedy islands and points float outward from the 
shores, and the grand, rocky gateways, opening up 
as we advance, reveal vistas of wondrous beauty, of 
far-reaching water, and of the blue of distant moun- 

tains. 

Twenty-three miles north of Whitehall is the 
steamboat landing, and the junction of the branch 
road from Lake George with the main line running 

north. 

The Steamer Vermont, Captain B. I. Holt, 
commander, belongs to the Champlain Transporta- 
tion Co. It was built in 1871, rebuilt and re- 
furnished in 1892. It is 271 feet long, 36 foot beam, 
65 foot beam over all. It runs regularly between 
Pittsburgh and Ticonderoga, leaving Pittsburgh 
at 7 a. m., touching at Bluff Point, Port Kent and 
Burlington, arriving at this point about noon. Re- 
turning, leaves on arrival of passengers from Lake 
George and the south. Passengers by the morning 
boat through Lake George will find the Vermont 
awaiting them here. Dinner is served on board. 
And, by the way, the dinners served on the steamer 
Vermont have been noted for years for their whole- 



Lake Champlain. 

someness, and for the plethora of good things tvith 
which the table is loaded. On the other hand, 
the appetite which a ride over Lake George or Lake 
Champlain gives a body is also a constant source of 
wonderment— and it costs just a dollar here to do 
justice to the one and satisfy the other. 

3. The Ruins of Fort Ticonderoga can be 
seen on the promontory lying about one mile north 
of the steamboat landing. Here were enacted the 
pnncipal events in the play of the lake ; here savage 
and civihzed tribes contended for the country on 
either hand ; here two great nations struggled for 
the prize of a continent which neither could retain 
and precious blood fllowed like water for this, the 
key to the -gate of the country," by its position 
elected to become historic ground. 

Claimed by the Hurons and Algonquins on the 
north, and by the Five Nations on the south, Lake 
Champlain was permanently occupied by neither 
It lay between two sections that were continu- 
ally at war with each other— the bloodv middle 
ground, over which each party in its turn swept 
carrying ruin in its path. This had made the 
lovely shores a solitude. Thus Champlain found 
It when, in July, 1609, he sailed south with the 
Indians from the St. Lawrence to make war upon 
their southern enemies, and - encountered a war 
party of the Iroquois on the 29th of the month 
about ten o'clock at night, at the point of a cape 
which puts out into the lake on the west side " In 
the morning a battle ensued. Champlain says • 
'' Ours commenced, calling me in a loud voice, and 
making way for me, opened in two, and placed me 
at their head, marching about 20 paces in advance 



Champlain's Battle. 

until I was within 30 paces of the enemy. The mo- 
ment they saw me they halted, gazing at me and I 
at them. When I saw them preparing to shoot at 
us, I raised my arquebus, and aiming directly at 
one of the three chiefs, two of them fell to the 
ground by this shot, and one of their companions 
received a wound, of which he died afterward. I 
had put four balls in my arquebus. Ours, in wit- 
nessing a shot so favorable to them, set up such tre- 
mendous shouts that thunder could not have been 
heard ; and yet there was no lack of arrows on one 
side and the other. The Iroquois were greatly as- 
tonished, seeing two men killed so instantaneously, 
\iotwithstanding they were provided with arrow- 
proof armor, woven of cotton-thread and wood. 
They lost courage, took to flight, and 
abandoned the field and their fort, hiding them- 
selves in the depths of the forests ; whither pur- 
suing them I killed some others. . . . The 
place where the battle was fought is 43 degrees some 
minutes north latitude, and I named it Lake Cham- 
plain." Ticonderoga is 131^ degrees north latitude, 
and probably the cape referred to "which puts out 
into the lake on the west side." The French 
claimed the country by virtue of Champlain's dis- 
covery, and in 1731, while at peace with Great 
Britain, they advanced to Crown Point and erected 
Fort St. Frederick. 

The English claimed this territory by right 0/ 
purchase and treaty with the Five Nations. Gen- 
eral Johnson was sent, in 1755, to drive the French 
from Crowii Point, but halted at Lake George, 
when Baron Dieskau made his famous dash around 
French Mountain, defeated Colonel Williams, and 



Lake Champlain. 



attacked the main army, to be defeated in turn. 
He then retreated to Ticonderoga, and began the 
erection of a fort, which he called '' Carillon.'* 

In 1757, somewhat enlarged, it was occupied by 
Montcalm, who marched thence to the capture of 
Fort William Henry. In 1758 Abercrombie made 
his unsuccessful attack on the old French lines, 
which resulted in his total defeat, with a loss of 
nearly 2,000 killed and wounded. The following 
year Amherst entrenched before them, and the 
French, satisfied that they could not successfully 
resist him, abandoned and set fire to the works, and 
the English took possession in the morning. The 
English advanced on Fort St. Frederick, the French 
retreated into Canada. 

Amherst repaired and enlarged the works at Ti- 
conderoga and Crown 
Point on a scale of 
great magnifi 
cence, but 
never after 
was a shot 
from the 
frowning 
embrasures 
directed 
against an 
approaching 
foe. Peace be 
tween the nations 
soon followed and 

forts were allowed to fall into a state of ill repai*- 
and were poorly garrisoned when the revolution 
broke out. Ticonderoga had but 50 men, all told, 




Fort Ticonderoga. 

when in the gray of the morning of the loth of May, 
1775, Ethan Allen and 83 of his ''Green Mountain 
boys " stole in through the wicket gate and de- 
manded its surrender ** in the name of the Great 
Jehovah and the Continental Congress." 

In 1777 the brilliant general Burgoyne with 7,5C>o 
men came from the north and laid siege to Ticon- 
deroga. St. Clair, who was then in command, had 
barely sufficient troops to man the principal works, 
and when the English took possession of Mt. Defi- 
ance, from which they could drop shot right over 
into their midst, he abandoned the fort, stealing 
away on the night of July 4th. 

After the capture of Burgoyne at Saratoga, the 
British retired into Canada, but in 1780 the old fort 
was again occupied by the troops under General 
Haldiman. Then came another enemy, silent, but 
resistless as the march of time — frosts to rack and 
tempests to beat upon the old walls, until they tot- 
ter and fall away, disappearing one by one, and 
bringing the time when naught shall remain but the 
name it bears, and that uncertain. 

Ticonderoga is the generally accepted compos- 
ite of a dozen or more Indian terms applied to the 
place, all with something of the same sound, as 
Tieiideroga^ Cheonderoga, etc., the words used by 
the natives meaning the coming together or meeting 
of waters'^ instead of the commonly given version 
of " sounding waters." Carillon, the name given it 
by the French, meaning '' music racket, a chime," 
may have been suggested by the sounding waters 
of the falls at the outlet of Lake George, two miles 
distant. 

* Colden, 1765. Pownell, 1774. 



102 . Lake Champlain. 

The old battery on the bluff, above the fort 
steamboat landing, is said to have been the original 
Carillon. Back on the higher ground are the bar- 
rack walls, trenches and bastions. On the west, 
beyond the outlet of Lake George, is Mount Defi- 
ance. Opposite the fort at the southeast, the lakj 
is narrowed down by the near approach of Mount 
Independence, which was also fortified while St. 
Clair held command. Between the two points ran 
the chain, or floating bridge. 

The lake here turns toward the north, thus wash- 
ing three sides of the promontory. Among the 
oaks, just west of the tunnel, is the old French 
lines, reaching over the ridge and nearly across the 
peninsula. The trenches, embankments and two or 
three redoubts are clearly defined. Across the lo- 
cust-covered flat, just north of the ruins, from a 
point near the drawbridge, lay Ethan Allen's route 
in 1775. 

4. Crown Point is 1 1 miles north of Ticonder. 
oga. On the lake-shore, are the 
furnaces of the Crown Point Iron 
Company,and the eastern terminus 
of a narrow-gauge railway, which 
extends back 13 miles to iron mines 

at Hammondville, 1,300 feet above the lake. 

5. Fort Frederick is the landing at Crown 
Point Ruins, about 6 miles north of Crown Point 
village. The steamboat lands here on regular trips. 
The grounds have been fitted up by the Champlain 
Transportation Company for the accommodation of 
picnic parties that are brought here by their steam- 
boats, with a dancing pavilion, refreshment rooms, 




Lake Champlain. 103 

platforms and open spaces for games, swings, and 
other innocent accessories to sport. The lake is here 
narrowed down by the land on which the ruins 
stand, on the west side, the point marked by a stone 
light-house, and by Chimney Point, approaching 



APPROACHING CROWN POINT RUINS FROM THE SOUTH. 

I Crown Point Light House ; 2 Port Henry ; 3 Chimney Point. 

from the east. At the narrowest point in the pass- 
age, are the scarcely visible ruins of Fort St. Fred- 
erick, built by the French in 1731. This point be- 
came a noted trading post at that time, the savages 
coming to exchange peltry for civilized fire-water 
and other necessaries. Under the protecting guns 
of the old fort it developed into a village of 1,500 
inhabitants. Remains of cellars and flagged walks, 
extending back toward the west, still show signs of 
its old-time prosperity. 

Crown Point Ruins are over at the west. The 
walls of stone barracks are still in a good state of 
preservation, and the extensive earthworks indicate 
the map-nitude of the fortifications. They were 
commenced by Amherst in 1759, and completed at 
an expense of ten million dollars, but never was a 
shot fired from them at an approaching enemy. 
When Ethan Allen captured Fort Ticonderoga, 
Crown Point was garrisoned only by a sergeant and 
12 men, and was taken possession of by a part of 



I04 



Lake Champlain. 



Allen's men under Seth Warner. In 1777 it was 
occupied by Burgoyne in his triumphant march 
south — triumphant until he reached Saratoga. 

BULWAGA Bay is at the west, over beyond the 
peninsula on which the ruins stand. Dr. Geo. F. 
Bixby, of Plattsburgh, whose researches have con- 
firmed, or proved the falsity of, many popular 
beliefs concerning the early history of the Champlain 
Valley, believes the shores of the peninsular just 
west of Crown Point Ruins to be the place where 
Champlain encountered the Iroquois to their confu- 
sion ; and the cape referred to by him " which puts 
out into the lake on the west side." 




CROWN POINT FROM THE NORTH. 

1 Crown Point Light House ; 2 Ruins of Old Fort St. Frederick ; 3 Ruins of 
Crown Point Barracks. 

6. Port Henry, two miles north-west of Crown 
Point ruins, is exceedingly picturesque. It ex- 
tends from the lake shore well up on the side of the 
mountain that rises boldly beyond, and has a num- 
ber of elegant private residences, occupied by the 
iron magnates of that section, with churches, public 
schools, a pretty opera house, etc. The Lee House 
furnishes very good 
accommodations. 

The Lake Cham- 
plain and MORIAH 
R. R. is seven miles 
long, extending from Port Henry to the ore beds at 
Mineville. 1,300 feet above. The grade is neces- 




Lake Champlain. 105 

sarily heavy. At one point it is 2565^ feet to the 
mile. The average is 2 1 1 feet. The grade contains 
three '* Ys," where the nature of the ascent renders 
a curve impracticable. By plank-road Mineville is 
but five miles from the lake. 

7. The Chever Ore Bed is two miles north of 
Port Henry, near the lake shore. 

8. TheY M. C. A. of Albany, has a summer camp 
on No-Man's Island, west shore, a mile south of Bar- 
ber Point light house. Rules require, obedience to 
leader, attendance at Bible Study, quiet at 10 P. M. 

9. Westport is a pretty little village, on a deep 
bay setting into 
the western 
shore, fifty miles 
north of White- 
hall. It is the 
natural g a t e - 
way into the mountains, via Elizabethtown and 
Keene Valley, and possesses attractions of its own 
that recommend it strongly to the summer visitor. 

The Westport Inn, overlooking the steamboat 
landing, is under the management of Mrs. O. C. 
Daniell and Mrs. Henry C. Lyon. Capacity 50. 
Rates, $3 per day. This is an excellent house. 
. The Gibes House, formerly Richards House, is 
at the northern border of the village. Capacity 40. 
Rates, $2 per day ; $8 to $14 per week. N. J. Gibbs, 
proprietor. 

The '* Water Lily," a small steamboat, runs 
from Westport to Vergennes daily, on arrival of the 
steamer Vermont from the south, returning in the 
morning to connect with the south bound boat. 




io6 Lake Champlain. 

The Water Lily is notable among steamboats as 
having a lady at the wheel, in the person of Mrs. 
Captain Daniels, who is said to be the first and only 
regularly licensed lady pilot in the United States. 
Fare, $I.oo. Round trip, $1.50. 

Steamer Chateaugay, Capt. Baldwin, leaves 
this point at 7:00 A. M. daily, Sundays excepted, and 
touching at Cedar Bay, Burlington, Plattsburgh 
and intermediate points, arrives at North Hero at 
12:15. Returning over the same course reaches Es- 
sex at 6.00 P. M. This boat belongs to the C. T. 
Co., and was launched at Shelburne Harbor, No- 
vember I, 1887. It is 203 feet long, and 59 feet 
wide over all. Water line, I95 feet ; beam. 30 feet. 
The hull is of rolled steel plates, made from Cha- 
teaugay ore, with a wrought iron frame, braced in the 
most substantial manner, and provided with water- 
tight compartments. The engine is a vertical-beam, 
jet condensing engine, 44-inch cylinder, loft, stroke. 
The paddle-wheels are of the new "feathering" 
pattern, 23 feet in diameter. The boat draws four 
and a half feet of water, and will make 20 miles an 
hour. 

^0. Calamity Point is on the west, about two 
miles north of Westport. Here the luckless steamer 
Champlain was wrecked in 1875 while running north 
on her regular night trip. The immediate cause of 
the disaster has never been explained, as the night 
was no more than ordinarily dark, but since that 
time, day or night when running, the pilot houses of 
the sister boats invariably contain two competent 
men. Captain Rushlow of the Vermont was then 
in command of the Champlain, and it was due to 
his self-possession that no panic ensued to lead to 



Lake Champlain. 107 

loss of lite. Her engine now does efficient service 
in the graceful '' Horicon " on Lake George. 

11. Split Rock Mountain extends along the 
west shore terminating in a sharp point 8 miles 
north of Westport. The sides toward the lake, 
close under which the steamer runs at times, are 
precipitous, and at points wild and grand. Barn 
Rock (a corruption probably of Barren Rock) shows 
the upturned edges of strata lying at a sharp angle 
with the surface in a bold point enclosing a deep 
harbor. "The Palisades," a little way north, are 
grand perpendicular cliffs. Rock Harbor, a mile 
further north, shows an '' effort," where Gotham's 
cx-Boss, Tweed, tried his hand at digging ore. Open- 
ings are to be seen in the mountain side, with piles 
of ore below, and the buildings high up in the notch 
beyond. Grog Harbor — a charming little cove de- 
spite its name — is near the northern end of the 
mountain. 




SPLIT ROCK FROM THE NORTH. 

I Grand View Mt., Vt.; 2 Split Rock Light ; 3 Split Rock ; 4 Whalon's Bay. 

Split Rock is at the northern termination of the 
mountain bearing the same name. It is a rough 
fragment, perhaps a half acre in area, separated from 
the main land by a narrow passage. In the uncer- 
tain records of old Indian treaties, it is claimed that 
this rock marked the line between the tribes of the 
St. Lawrence and those of the Mohawk Valley. I^ 



io8 Lake Champlain. 

also divides the honor of being the ancient *' Rock 
Regio " with Rock Dunder, lying just south of Bur- 
lington. It was the unremovable monument set up 
by the treaty of Utrecht in 1710 to indicate the line 
between English and French possessions, and later 
accepted as the northern boundary of New York, 
but in the rearrangement of the geographies in the 
school of 1775 and 1776, the line drifted some sixty 
miles further north. 

12. Otter Creek enters the lake from the east» 
something over five miles north of Westport. This 
is the longest river, or creek, in Vermont, and is 
navigable to Vergennes, whose spires may be seen 
some distance inland. 

Fort Cassin was built at the mouth of Otter 
Creek, and some of the works are still visible. Within 
the creek a portion of the American squadron was 
fitted out in 18 14, which, under Commodore Mc- 
Donough, defeated the British Commodore Downie 
at Plattsburgh in September of that year. 

Vergennes, is eight miles back from the lake, 
following the course of the river, although in an air- 
line but little more than half of that distance. Ver- 
gennes is one of the oldest cities in New England, 
dating its organization back to 1789, and is cele- 
brated as the smallest incorporated city in the coun- 
try. It has a population of about 2,000 inhabitants, 
with all the honors and added dignity of a mayor 
and board of aldermen. 

The Stevens House, owned and under the 
management of Mr. S. S. Gaines, has accommoda- 
tions for about 100 guests. Telegraph, telephone 
and express offices are in the house. Board costs 
from $8 to $12 per week. 



Lake Champlain. 109 

13. Cedar Beach, on the Vermont shore, nearly 
opposite Split Rock, is a village of cottage-camps 
owned principally by residents of Burlington. 

14. Essex, a small village on the west shore, is 
10 miles north of Westport. 

15. The Bouquet River empties into the lake 
four miles north of Essex landing. It is navigable 
forabout a mile. It was a rendezvous of Burgoyne's 
flotilla in his advance on Ticonderoga in 1777, and in 
1 8 12 was entered by British gunboats to work the 
destruction of the little village of Willsborough 
lying a mile inland. 

16. The Willsborough stands near the north- 
ern extremity of Willsborough Point, a low penin- 
sula about four miles long by one wide separating 
Willsborough Bay from the main lake. The house 
has capacity for lOO guests. J. Henry Otis, pro- 
prietor. P. O., Willsborough Point. Rates, $3.00 
per day ; $12 to $18 per week. Open June to Oc- 
tober. The accommodations here are all that can 
be reasonably desired, except that they are not suf- 
ficient for the demand, and during July and August 
would-be guests will do well to engage rooms in ad- 
vance. Steamer Chateaugay lands 
daily. Railroad station is Wills- 
borough, five miles distant. Notice 
should be sent in advance to assure 
attendance of carriage on arrival of 
train. 

The American Canoe Associa- 
tion holds its annual meet again this year on the 
north end of Willsborough Point, August 4th to 
25th inclusive. This is an international organiza- 
tion with a membership of over a thousand and is 




no Lake Champlain. 

composed largely of literary and professional men. 
The Association is bound by a code of rules that 
keeps it free from what may be termed " professional- 
ism." Its of¥icial organs are " Forest and Stream " 
and ''''Rudder, Sail and Paddle.'' The in itiationfee 
is one dollar, annual dues one dollar. Charles V. 
Winne of Albany, Commodore ; W. B. Wacker- 
hagen, Albany, Secretary and Treasurer. 

The Association is divided into four divisions, 
Eastern, Northern, Atlantic and Southern. E. L. 
French, of Buffalo, is Vice-Commodore, and C. C. 
Belman of Amsterdam, Purser, of the Central Divi- 
sion, in whose jurisdiction the Meet is held this year. 
The A. C. A. was organized at Lake George in 
1880, and has mtt annually since that time at Lake 
George and other places. The camp is under strict 
police surveillance and strangers are not allowed on 
the grounds except under certain restrictions and 
on regular visitors' day, at which time it is intended 
that some of the most interesting events of the 
Meet shall transpire. 

17. The Four Brothers are near the middle 
of the lake, east of Willsborough Point. Here oc- 
curred the running engagement between Benedict 
Arnold and Capt. Pringle, in 1776, in which the 
English were victorious. 

18. Juniper Island is northeast of the Broth- 
ers, with high, almost vertical walls, and surmounted 
by a light-house. 

After leaving Essex Landing the boat passes out 
into the broadening lake gradually nearing the Ver- 
mont side in the approach to Burlington. Back 
inland are the two highest peaks of the Green 



Lake Champlain. 

Mountains — Mansfield, 4,350 feet above tide, and 
Camel's Hump, the Leon Couchant of the French. 

19. Rock Dunder is a prominent object, as we 
near Burlington. It is a sharp cone about 20 feet 
high, believed by Winslow C. Watson, the historian, 
to be the famous '' Rock Regio, " so frequently- 
mentioned in colonial records, notwithstanding the 
counter-claims of Split Rock. The steamer usually 
passes close by on its east side. Pottier's Point' 
terminates a long stretch of regular shore on the 
right. 

20. Shelburne Harbor is east of Pottier's 
Point. Here are the ship-yards of the Champlain 
Transportation Company, and here have been built 
all the large boats of Lake Champlain. It is worthy 
of note that but one year after Robert Fulton's 
first steamboat was launched on the Hudson River 
a steamboat was built and launched at Burlington. 
And it could run 5 miles an hour without heating 
the shaft, too. 

La Plotte river empties into Shelburne Harbor. 
It is said its name was bestowed because of an in- 
cident of the Revolution. It appears that a party 
of Indians had left their canoes unguarded on the 
banks while making a raid on the scattered settle- 
ment beyond. They were finally driven back by 
the whites and took to their canoes for safety, but 
the canoes had been discovered by some prying 
settlers and riddled with holes which let the water 
in, and the settlers now proceeded to riddle the 
savages also. The Green Mountain Boys were very 
artistic about these little affairs. 



Lake Champlain. 

several hundred acres along the shore of the lake, 
and is credited with looking still for more. 

21. Burlington is a beautiful city of nearly 
15,000 inhabitants, 80 miles north of Whitehall. It 
is one of the largest lumber marts in the country, 
standing fourth in the order of business. The firms 
representing a capital of $4,000,000,00. 150,000,000 
(eet of lumber are sold annually from the markets. 

Three railroads centre here — the Central Ver- 
mont, the Burlington & Lamoille, and the Rutland 
& Burlington railroad. 

The Champlain Transportation Company has its 
general offices here, its steamers running to connect 
with the D. & H. trains on the west shore, and to 
Adirondack points. 

The University of Vermont is located here — 
crowning the hill, on the western slope of which, the 
principal part of the city lies. Among other public 
buildings of interest are the Medical College, Bill- 
ings Library building, Vermont Episcopal Institute, 
St. Joseph's College, Park Gallery of Art, Fletcher 
Free Library, the Mary Fletcher Hospital, and the 
Young Men's Christian Association building. Joined 
to the last is the book store of S. Huntington &Co., 
which is one of the most complete in appointments 
of any store devoted to this business, outside the 
great cities of the country. 

On the high land, back of the city, overlooking 
Winooski Valley, is the Green Mountain Cemetery, 
where lies the body of Vermont's famous son, 
Ethan Allen. A monument of Barre granite, 50 
feet in height, surmounted by a statue of Allen, 
marks the spot, and is a shrine often visited by ad- 
mirers of the Hero of Ticonderoga. 



Lake Champlain. 



113 



Hotels are Hotel Burlington, Delaney & Har- 
rington, proprietors. Rates, $2.00 and $2.50 per 
day ; and the VAN Ness and AMERICAN HOUSES, 
U. A. Woodbury, proprietor, H. N. Clark, manager. 
Rates, $3.00 and $3.50 per day. 

22. Colchester Point reaches out half way 
across the broad lake north of Burlington, and still 
further west are Colchester reef and light-house, a 
blood-red light marking the outermost rock at night. 

23. Schuyler Island is a large cultivated 
island lying near the west shore. Trembleau 
Mountain is beyond, terminating at Trembleau 
Point. 

24. Port Kent is 10 miles from Burlington. 
Below, the town is not attractive; but above, along 

the brow of the 
hills are several 
very pleasant, 
com fort able 
looking houses, 
among them 
the old home 
of Elkanah Watson, the historian. 

Trembleau Hall, a boarding house, with capacity 
for about 20 guests, has been opened recently by 
Farrel & Adgate. Rates unknown. 

The Keeseville, Au Sable Chasm and Lake Cham- 
plain Railroad runs from Port Kent to Keeseville, 
passing over the chasm a short distance below beauti- 
ful Rainbow falls. It is five miles long and was 
built primarily in the interests of the Au Sable 
Horse Nail words at Keeseville, for the transporta- 
tion of the material used in their extensive works. 





THE GRAND FLUME. 



Lake Champlain. 

This is the point of departure for Au Sable Chasm 
and the interior, via the Au Sable Valley. 

Au Sable Chasm is the Yosemite in miniature. 
The Au Sable River, coming out from the moun- 
tains of the south, through the valley past Keese- 
ville, breaks, after many a rush and tumble, over 
the rocks into Au Sable Chasm, in the beautiful 
Rainbow Falls, then hurrying downward through 
devious ways, creeping under towering cliffs, resting 
in dark places where the sun never shines, finally 
emerges from the gloom into the broad willowy 
way to mingle later, after many twists and turns, 
with the quiet waters of Lake Champlain. 

It is a vast fissure in the Earth's surface, its walls 
that now stand apart, were apparently united and 
solid in the past ; projections on the one side are 
faced by corresponding depressions on the other ; 
strata broken off here are continued over there. 
Low down are found petrified specimens of the first 
orders of animal life and ripple marks made when 
the rock was in its plastic state — the bed of some 
lake or ocean — and above these, in successive layers, 
towers nearly a hundred feet of solid rock. 

Who can say what ages have passed away since 
the restless sea beat upon this unknown shore and 
left the marks of its wavelets for us to wonder at? 
Thought is lost away back in the eternity of '' The 
Beginning" when darkness was upon the face of the 
deep. Later came the dawn of Creation, and in its 
full light the lowest of animal creatures lived their 
brief day and added their mite to old Ocean's bot- 
tom. Long ages rolled away. Floods swept over 
the uneasy world that reeled and staggered with the 
pulsations of its heart of fire. The Earth's thin shell 



Lake Champlain. 

bubbled up into mountain ridges and broke like 
crackle glass, then, cooling, left its marks in ragged 
heights and fearful depths. Then came great ice- 
bergs, grinding the uplifted points to atoms in their 
course, polishing, leveling and filling up the 
openings. Then the water fled away, leaving the 
seams and cracks filled with a rich alluvium gathered 
in passing centuries, holding in its bosom the germs 
of vegetable life that in time covered all with a man- 
tle of green. The yearly rains descended, floods 
swept down from the mountains above, washing out- 
ward the loose deposit and the softer rock that 
had filled these crevices, and revealing to us this 
wonderland of " The Walled Banks of the Au Sable." 
In 1873 ^ number of gentlemen from Philadelphia, 
under the corporative name of The Ausable Com- 
pany, acquired the land lying along the west side, 
with an entrance and an exit on the east, and built 
stairways, galleries and bridges, which, with the aid 
of boats near the lower end, enabled visitors to pass 
entirely through the chasm. In 1879 the ^^^ wooden 
galleries were replaced by stone walks with substan- 
tial iron railings, bridges were erected above high 
water mark, or made movable so as to be taken up 
at the close of the season, and put back in the 
spring, and new boats were placed in the navigable 
waters below Table Rock, to carry visitors through 
the otherwise inaccessable portions of the gorge. 
The admission to the chasm is 50 cents ; the boat 
ride 50 cents additional. The boats are in charge 
of experienced men, and although exciting, the ride 
is attended with no danger, so the most timid need 
not hestitate in going. 



Lake Champlain. 119 

The Lake View House overlooks the head of 
the Chasm from the east. Capacity 100. Rates, 
$2.50 per day; special for week or season; open 
June 1st to October 15th. P. O., Au Sable Chasm. 
VV. H. Tracy proprietor. The main structure was 
burnt last spring but a smaller one was promptly 
erected to take its place. The dining capacity is 
practically unlimited The hotel and Chasm are 
under one management and Mr. Tracy should be 
addressed for particulars relating to either. The 
admission fee to the Chasm depends upon circum- 
stances ; large parties are admitted at reduced rates; 
guests of the Lake View have free access. Guides 
are unnecessary, as once in the Chasm, the course is 
plain, guide boards and signs pointing the way and 
calling attention to notable places until Table Rock 
is reached where boats are entered for the remainder 
of the trip. Stop-over privileges are given passen- 
gers by rail and boat at Port Kent. The hotel car- 
riage conveys guests to and from the Chasm station 
for 25 cents the round trip. 

Admission to the Chasm is gained through "The 
Lodge," a picturesque building, octagonal in form, 
pagoda-like, unique and attractive. Within, will be 
found photographs, books and curios pertaining to 
the place. Before descending, note the queer effect 
the stained glass in the lodge windows, give to ob- 
jects seen through them, where the blue makes 
frosty winter, and the red the most insufferable of 
summers of the same objects. 

Rainbow Falls, at the head of the Chasm, flings 
its mass of water from nearly 70 feet above into the 
gulf below. Horse Shoe Falls is nearly opposite 



Lake Champlain. 121 

the entrance. Note its suggestive shape from the 
lookout, before descending the stairs. 

PUU'IT Rock faces us as we approach the Elbow, 
which is the first turn below the entrance. Split 
Rock shows on the left at the farthest point visible as 
you turn around the Elbow. The rock which stands 
at the left of the opening made by the splitting off 
of a large fallen mass is called the Elephant's Head 
and with the morning sun lighting up the massive 
front, the name does not seem inappropriate. 

Stop when 3^ou reach the end of the bridge that 
crosses here. The Devil's Oven is in the wall which 
shuts off our farther advance on the right of the 
stream. Why " Oven" is not so clear, for if you 
climb the rough rocks and enter its 30 feet of depth, 
you will not find it the superheated place sug" 
gested, but rather the reverse. The same tropical 
imagination that conceived of this and some of the 
other names applied to places here, gave to the nar- 
row passage-way at our feet the name of Hell Gate, 
and looking, one does not really wonder at the 
fancy. From Hell Gate, rising in a great sweep 
heavenward, away from the rushing waters, is 
Jacob's Ladder. 

Across the bridge we go, around the rocky abut- 
ment toward the left, clinging perhaps to the iron 
railing which prevents our sliding into the water be- 
low, beneath overhanging rocks, over the seething 
water, across the bridge which spans the Devil's 
Punch-Bowl — pausing, perhaps, to glance into the 
green depths of the Fernery at our left — down 
across the worn rocks, then zig-zag up the side to a 
higher level. Here is one of the most remarkable, 
specimens of rock boring in the country, called 




THE SENTINEL. 



Lake Champlain. 123 

Jacob's Well, showing where some vagrant stone, 
caught, perhaps, in an eddy when the stream ran 
here, and whirled away continually, ground its way 
down through the strata of soft rock, until it wore 
itself out in vain beatings against its prison walls. 
Here a bridge crosses Mystic Gorge, to the Long 
Gallery beyond which, descending, we come to 
Point of Rocks. Note high up the sides of those 
rocks the segments of a large bowl similarto Jacob's 
Well, and backward the rapids which, seen from 
this point, in the sunshine at noon, are very beauti- 
ful. Opposite this point is Hyde's Cave, named 
after a venturesome individual, who, in 1871, let 
himself down by a rope from the rocks above and 
was the first to reach its dual entrance. Below 
the bridge, which leads to Hyde's Cave, on the 
same side of the stream, is Bixby's Grotto. 

Returning to the north shore. Smuggler's Pass» 
directly opposite the Grotto, is crossed by a bridge. 
You may follow along the ledge if you like and lose 
yourself from sight where, back from the river, this 
passage winds into quite a large chamber. More 
stairways are found as we proceed, then comes the 
Post Office. This post office has neither post mas- 
ter nor distinguishing name in the postal depart- 
ment, but nevertheless does a large business, pecu- 
liarly its own, as the observant visitor will notice. 
No charge is made here for drop-letter or cards, and 
many avail themselves of the privilege. 

Clinging close to the rocks protected by the iron 
railing we pass along high up at this point, then 
through the Hanging Garden, and, descending, cross 
to Table Rock. 



124 Lake Champlain. 

From the upper point of Table Rock look back- 
ward through the Upper Flume. See Column Rocks 
at the farthest visible point on the left, and, if the 
sun be right, notice the Altar-cloth hanging over the 
water at the right. Turning, the Anvil is before 
you ; partially hidden, perhaps, by the rustic canopy 
which has been built against it to afford shade for 
such as may care to take advantage of it when, for 
two or three brief hours in the middle of the day, 
the sun pours its beams down into this open space. 
Back of the Anvil, Cathedral Rocks rise a hundred 
feet above the level floor, suggesting in their broken 
lines, some vast cathedral's ruined towers and aisles. 
"The Sentinel" stands guard at the outer corner of 
Cathedral Rocks. 

Through a cleft in the lower edge of Table Rock 
we descend and enter the large batteaux found 
waiting here for the passage through the Grand 
Flume and beyond. Do not fear, for these boats 
are strong and serviceable, to withstand the hard 
knocks they get at times, and in charge of stalwart 
boatmen who will guide us safely through the excit- 
ing passage below. The Grand Flume reaches from 
Table Rock for some distance down. Here the 
water runs straight away, shut in by walls that rise 
perpendicularly up for more than a hundred feet, 
while the dip of the rock-strata on either side gives 
one the queer sensation of running down quite a 
steep hill. 

Here, at the narrowest place, the cliffs are scarcely 
ten feet apart, and the sky above seems but a narrow 
ribbon of blue. The water seems to round up in the 
middle and actually to run on edge. No plummet 
has ever been found to sound its depths. Over this 



Lakk Champlain. 125 

spot the main road crossed years ago, and the place 
is spoken of now by the older inhabitants as " High 
Bridge." A story is told to the effect that when 
after a time the bridge was condemned and the 
plank taken off leaving only the naked log stringers 
stretched across, a horseman went across one dark 
and stormy night, unconscious of his danger at the 
time, although remembering afterward that as he 
approached in the intense darkness, his horse had 
hesitated, and when urged moved forward in fear 
and trembling. 

The Lower Gate-Way ends the Long Flume and 
ushers us into the Pool. The Sentry Box is at the 
right as we emerge into the open space. On the left 
there is a larger creavasse in which, leaning, stands 
the Broken Needle. At the Pool, the river turns 
sharply to the left and leads downward over dancing 
rapids where we go until, rounding to the right, we 
enter quiet water once more, and finally pass out 
into the basin where, at the landing, carriages are 
taken to convey us back to the hotel. 

It is well to have passed through-Au Sable Chasm 
once in a life time. Such scenes make man realize 
the puny creature that he is, for — in the somewhat 
stalwart language of Will Carleton : 

" To appreciate Heaven well 

It is good for a man to have some fifteen minutes of Hell." 

25. — Three miles north of the landing at Port 
Kent, is the sandy niouth of the Ausable River 
which' is supposed to have suggested its name, Au- 
sable meaning " a river of sand." A wooded de- 
pression in the ground above shows the course of 
the river. Across from this is the widest uninter- 
rupted portion of the lake, being here a little more 



126 * ^AKE ChAMPLAIN. 

than ten miles in width. Measuring down into 
Mallett's bay brings the distance to about 13 miles. 

26. Valcour Island is about six miles north 
of Port Kent, the steamer passing between it and 
the main land on the west. Here, Oct. 11,1776, 
occurred the first naval engagement of the Revolu- 
tion, between the British, commanded by Captain 
Thomas Pringle, and the Americans under Benedict 
Arnold. The British plan was to send a fleet from 
the north to capture Ticonderoga and clear the way 
for a junction with the army of the south, that 
should come by way of the Hudson. Early in the 
spring they began the construction of ships at St. 
Johns, and the last of September the fleet — consist- 
ing of a three-masted vessel carrying eighteen guns, 
and two schooners with thirteen guns each, with 
smaller vessels, twenty-nine vessels in all, mounting 
eighty-nine guns, manned by picked seamen and 
practiced gunners — moved south to the attack. 
When it became known that preparations of this 
nature were in progress at St. Johns, Arnold was 
commissioned to. construct vessels to oppose them. 
Massing all possible help and material at Skenes- 
borough (now Whitehall), he set about the work with 
tremendous energy, and in August put afloat a num- 
ber of flat-bottomed sailing craft and row galleys, 
carrying altogether 84 guns and 152 swivel-guns. 
The largest of these vessels was the " Royal Savage," 
a two-masted schooner carrying fourteen guns. 
With this force Arnold sailed north, going as far as 
Windmill Point, then returning, took up a position 
in the narrow channel between Valcour Island and 
the main land. 

The British fleet, running before the strong north 



Lake Champlain. 127 

wind, passed on the outside of the island and some 
distance beyond, before discovering the position of 
the Americans. So severe was the wind that the 
larger vessels could not be brought back to attack 
and only some of the smaller ones with the schooner, 
Carleton, finally succeeded in getting into position. 
The engagement continued most of the afternoon 
during which the "Royal Savage" was disabled, 
and drifting on the rocks was abandoned. Puring 
the night it was set on fire by the British and sunk. 
Portions of the hull can yet be seen when the water 
is still, resting on the bottom where it then went 
down. The attacking vessels were recalled and an- 
chored in line at the south, to cut off the retreat of 
the Americans. During the night, however, the 
Americans slipped through the British line and in 
the morning were discovered making industrious 
tracks toward the south and safety. The British 
pursuing, overhauled Arnold near the Four Brothers 
and a running fight ensued which demonstrated the 
superiority of the British vessels and gunners. The 
remnant of the American boats, almost disabled, 
was grounded in a bay on the Vermont shore near 
Panton and set on fire, and Arnold and his m.en 
made their way through the woods to Crown Point. 
In these engagements, although defeated, Arnold 
acquitted himself in such a manner as to win the 
admiration of his enemies and the approval of his 
superior officers. Benedict Arnold was born in 
Norwich, Conn., Jan. 3d, 1741, and died in London, 
June 14, 1801. As a youth, turbulent ; as a soldier, 
ambitious, bold to rashness and jealous of his fel- 
low officers ; dishonest ; the transition from discon- 
tented rebel to infamous traitor was easy. He was 



128 Lake Champlain. 

a brilliant commander — his fall was like that of 
Lucifer. 

Valcour Island was the spot selected for " a com- 
munal home, based on the principles of social sci- 
ence," where the *' Dawn Valcour Community " 
dawned on the astonished world of 1874, grew into 
a mighty power (on paper), with " Col." John Wil- 
cox to furnish the intellectual, and ** Uncle " Owen 
Shipman the temporal home ; where congenial spirits 
were invited to commingle in promiscuity, but all 
too soon were on the ragged edge of individuality, 
while the musical auctioneer warbled over the odds 
and ends that remained to satisfy outside demands. 
In the words of one of its leading members, the 
thing ** busted ;" and the '* Dawn " was merged into 
twilight, to furnish another lesson on the practica- 
bility of free love. 

27. Hotel Champlain, the superb, is seen on 
the bold headland that puts out from the west 
shore just north of Valcour Island. It does not 
come upon you suddenly, as a revelation. You have 
seen it over the lake for miles back on your course, 
before the steamer had touched at Burlington, per- 
haps, or from the car window as the reeling train 
swung around Trembleau Mountain nearly ten miles 
away, and at intervals ever since as the road wound 
in and out along the shore. Now, as you approach, 
its magnificent proportions come out in grand re- 
lief against the sky. 

*' Commanding *' is not misapplied here. The 
hotel stands on a height that breaks away abruptly 
in all directions for a space, then in gentler slope 
reaches the level of the lower shores north and 
south, the water on the east, and the valley toward 



Lake Champlain. 129 

the west where the trains on the D. & H. flash like 
gleaming shuttles through the vari-tinted web of cul- 
tivated fields and cross-line country roads. Long 
colonades ; broad piazzas conforming to the swelling 
contour of facing, east, south and west ; breezy 
porticos, and balconies, hung along its sides or 
perched high up on tower and sharply sloping roof, 
give grace and lightness to the structure that rises 
above the tops of the trees crowning the rugged 
bluff. Distance gives to it the lightness of a castle 
built of straws, the closer view reveals it solid and 
substantial as the most realistic could wish. 

At a moderate elevation it commands in an un- 
broken circuit a panorama that for picturesque va- 
riety and beauty is equaled perhaps nowhere in the 
country. Having no near mountain heights to dwarf 
its own strong setting, it looks out from its own 
native wilderness over land and water diversified 
and changeful. It is restful, rather than overpower- 
ing with great heights and dismal depths. Right 
and left runs the valley with its checker-board of 
field and woodland ; its network of roads ; its quaint 
farm buildings gathered here and there in little 
knots that form hamlets and prosperous villages, and 
beyond, hills rising into the ranges of the Adiron- 
dacks that stretch across, pointed at intervals with 
the grander mountain peaks. Toward the southeast 
a splendid road winds through the trees to the dock 
where busy life attends as the steamers come 
and go. East a broad swathe has been cut out 
through the green trees down to the water's edge, 
where gleam the beach of *' The Singing Sands" 
circling in a broad belt toward the south, between 
the restless water and the thick growing cedars. 



Lake Champlain. 131 

Towards the north are perpendicular cliffs that attain 
quite a height — the bluffs which undoubtedly gave 
to the point its name. They are cleft asunder at 
one place and made memorable by the tradition of 
the White Squaw and the Bloody Hand that left its 
marks on the walls, and later as the place where 
smugglers successfully landed their stores free from 
suspicion because of its seeming inaccessibility, to 
those who were not in the secret. 

Valcour island lies like a garden below, bordered 
with its varying belt of shrubbery. Beyond stretches 
the broad lake, dotted here and there with islands 
to the shores of Vermont, the Green Mountains be- 
yond rising into the heights of Camel's Hump and 
Mount Mansfield. North and east are Grand Isle 
and the Great Back Bay ; at the north Cumberland 
Head, the sweeping circle of Plattsburgh Bay where 
occurred that splendid naval battle of 1814— the last, 
as the battle of Valcour was the first, with the 
mother country — and nearer, the little island where 
sleep the dead of that eventful day. 

Within the hotel is found everything that apper- 
tains to a — oh, much, an ill-used term — first-class 
house. Every modern appliance tending to the 
comfort of guests will be fo«nd here. Its man- 
agement will undoubtedly be all which time and ex- 
perience has shown to be the most acceptable to the 
travelled public, for O. D. Seavey, of the Ponce de 
Leon, St. Augustine, Florida, is at its head. 

Excursions may be made by steamboat from this 
point south to Ticonderoga or north among the is- 
lands and on to the fishing grounds of the Lake. A 
fleet of boats, ranging from the light Whitehall skiff 



132 



Lake Champlain. 



to the dainty little steam yacht, are here for charter. 
Drives are many and varied, and equipages here to 
suit all occasions. The distance from New York is 
308 miles ; fare $8.05. To montreal, JJ miles ; fare 



K^ - 




D. & H. RAILROAD STATION. 

$2.71. Quick and convenient train service will be 
maintained throughout the season north and south. 
Trains on the Chateaugay Railroad leave in the 
morning, arriving at Saranac Lake and the various 
hotels reached by the Chateaugay Railroad in time 
for dinner. 

Crab Island, some distance north of Valcour, is 
the burial place of the common sailors and marines 
who fell in the battle of Plattsburgh. North of this, 
and projecting well out across the lake, is Cumber- 
land Head, from which the shore recedes toward the 
north and west, then comes back in a wide sweep, 
embracing the waters of Cumberland Bay. 

The Battle of Plattsburgh took place here 
in 18 14. Stripped of detail, the account of this de- 



Lake Champlain. 133 

cisive battle is as follows : On a beautiful Sabbath 
morning, beptember nth, 18 14, the American land 
forces under General McComb, and the American 
fleet under Commodore Macdonough, were simul- 
taneously attacked by the British land and water 
forces, under General Sir George Provost and Com- 
modore Downie. The engagement resulted in a 
complete victory for the former, only a few small 
boats of the enemy effecting a successful retreat. 
At the commencement of the naval engagem-ent, 
the British land forces, consisting of 14,000 infantry 
advanced against the Americans, 3,000 strong, en- 
trenched at points along the south bank of the river, 
but were repulsed with a loss of 2,500 in killed, 
wounded and missing. They also lost immense 
stores, which were abandoned in their retreat — which 
served them, right for breaking the Sabbath. The 
ruins of the old forts are to be seen on the south 
outskirts of the village. The largest — Fort Moreau 
— is in the centre. Fort Brown, on the bank of the 
river, and Fort Scott near the lake. Plattsburgh is 
a regular army post. The barracks, about a mile 
south of the village, near the lake shore, built in 
1838, are occupied by a company of soldiers belong- 
ing to the regular army. 

Plattsburgh is on the west shore of this bay, a 
thriving village of 8,000 inhabitants. It is of con- 
siderable commercial importance, being on the di- 
rect line between New York and Montreal, 311 miles 
from the former and 74 from the latter. It is the 
northern terminus of the Au Sable (Branch) Rail- 
road, and from it the Chateaugay Railroad pene- 
trates the mountains toward the west. Plattsburgh 
is thoroughly cosmopolitan, with an opinion to offer 



134 LAKE CHAMPLAIN. 

on every question of the day, exerting no mean 
influence through its wide-awake newspapers, the 
Daily Telegram, and the Sentinel and Republican — 
the latter instituted in i8ii,and, notwithstanding 
its age, one of the most reliable and ably conducted 
democratic weeklies in the state. 

The first settler in this region was Count Charles 
de Fredenburgh, a captain in the English army, 
The warrant conveying the land to him bore date 
June n, 1769. 

The property reverting to the state after the Revo- 
lution, was granted, in 1784, to Zephaniah Piatt and 
others, and incorporated into the town of Platts- 
burgh, April 4, 1785. A company was then organ- 
ized which, in June of the same year, erected a mill 
at Fredenburgh Falls. The estimate of expense 
contained among other items, the following : '* For 
bread, $65 ; for rum $80." They used a great deal 
of bread in those days. 

In the year 1800 Plattsburgh was the county 
seat, its territory extended from Lake George on 
the south to Canada and the St. Lawrence River on 
the north and west. The village then possessed a 
population of less than 300, and within the county 
limits were owned at this time 58 slaves. 

The Fouquet House is at the depot, and affords 
a convenient stopping place for parties arriving late 
or desiring to take an early train out. 

The Witherill House is near the post-office. 
It is elegant in its appointments, its pictures and 
decorations displaying a high degree of artistic taste. 

The Cumberland stands at the corner of 
Trinity Square. It is one of the oldest hotels. 



Lake Champlain. 



135 



but has renewed its youth, and is in splendid con- 
dition under its new management. Rates, $2.50 per 
day. Charles F. Beck, late of the Florida House, 
St. Augustine, Florida, and of Hotel Champlain, 
Rouse's Point, is proprietor. A free bus runs to 
trains and boats, and ample time is given for break- 
fast here between the arrival of morning train from 
the south and departure of train for the interior. 

There is also an excellent restaurant in the depot, 
under railroad management, where a good lunch can 
be had at a moderate price, or a really superior and 
well ordered meal during the twenty or more minutes 
given for that purpose between the arrival and de- 
parture of trains on the main line. 

The Chateaugay Railroad extends from 
Plattsburgh to Saranac Lake, a distance of 73 miles 

The first section 
was built by the 
State to reach 
Clinton Prison, at 
Dannemora, 17 
miles fromPlatts- 
burgh. In 1880, 
it was extended 
to Lyon Moun- 
tain, 17 miles 
further ; but the 
influx of Adirondack tourists was increased, and the 
road that climbed an altitude of 2,000 feet, to Lyon 
Mountain, must go farther into the wilderness. So 
it was extended to Loon Lake. In 1888, 19 miles 
more were added, bringing it to Saranac Lake, dis- 
tributing its passengers by various stage routes that 




136 Lake Champlain. 

branch from it to a score or more of summer hotels. 
By it tourists reach Chazy, Chateaugay, Loon, Rain- 
bow, St. Regis, and Upper and Lower Saranac 
Lakes, Ray Brook, Lake Placid, Mirror Lake, Cas- 
cade Lakes and Adirondack Lodge. A Wagner 
sleeping car leaves Grand Central station. New York, 
daily, the year round, for Plattsburgh, where passen- 
gers are given time for breakfast, before leaving for 
the interior. During the pleasure season, passengers 
can leave Grand Central Station at 7:30 P. M., con- 
necting with trains leaving Plattsburgh 7:30 A. M., 
and reach the various resorts in time for dinner. 
Passengers can leave New York at 6 P. M., by Hud- 
son River night boats and by the Adirondack special 
from Albany or Troy, reaching Plattsburgh at 12:20 
and Saranac Lake 4:30 P. M., the following day. 
Sleeping and drawing-room car accommodations can 
be secured in advance at any of the stations. Draw- 
ing-room cars are run on all trains. A Sunday train 
each way will run during July and August connect- 
ing with sleeper for New York. 

30. Cumberland Head is three miles from 
Plattsburgh. Near it occurred the naval battle of 
1814. Continuing northward the west shore is low 
but picturesque in its irregular line of deep bays 
and projecting points, but of little interest historical- 
ly except for the old fort that once stood on Point 
au Fer, built, according to the best authorities, in 
1774, then comes Rouse's Point. 

31. Rouses Point, according to the United 
States Coast Survey, is about 107 miles north of 
Whitehall, although the deviation from the direct 
line made by the steamboat in reaching the various 
landings, increases the distance a number of miles. 



Lake Champlain. .137 

It is a place of considerable commercial interest, 
and the most important port of entry on the fron- 
tier. Five railroads centre here, viz : The D. & H., 
leading to New York, the O. & L. C, to Ogdens- 
burg and the Thousand Islands, the Grand Trunk 
to Montreal, the Portland & Ogdensburg to the 
White Mountains, and the Central Vermont to Bos- 
ton and the southeast. There is a very good hotel 
at the station and another — Hotel Windsor — on the 
lake shore a half mile south of the village. 

32. Fort Montgomery, a little way north of 

the long bridge, is an interesting ruin belonging to 

the United States. About a mile north of this a 

belt of woodland marks the boundary line between 

the United States and Canada. 

^ ¥: ^ ^ ^ * 

The Islands of Lake Champlain lie principally 
in its northern and broader parts. The larger ones 
are North and South Hero and Isle La Motte, 
which, with others of less note, and with Alburgh 
Tongue — extending from the north centrally eleven 
miles south of the Dominion line — constitute Grand 
Isle county belonging to the State of Vermont. 
Concerning this section, that enthusiastic sportsman, 
Dr. George F. Bixby, editor of the Plattsburgh Re 
publican says : 

** Here are islands which now appear in their 
original beauty as when Champlain first saw them, 
the abode of eagles, so secluded are they. Here is 
better fishing, all the year round, than any other 
body of water in Northern New York can boast of ; 
big, hungry fish, voracious pike, huge black bass, as 
well as the muscallonge — that nearly extinct fish — 
the noblest and gamiest that swims, ready for the 



138^ Lake Champlain. 

fisherman at all seasons. In their season, water fowl 
abound — enormous black ducks and wild geese, with 
smaller game in abundance, while its facility of ac- 
cess from the Hudson and St. Lawrence for all kinds 
of craft ; hospitality of inhabitants, pure air ; pure 
water ; delightful scenery, eligible camping grounds 
and abundant bases of supplies, all offer irresistible 
attraction to those unable to endure the fatigue 
incident to a lodge in the vast wilderness, or that 
other class who are * constitutionally tired.' " 

In proof of the Doctor's faith in his own medicine 
is " Eagle Reef Lodge " on the North Sister, where 
lucky friend or luckless castaway may, alike, feel cer_ 
tain of a hearty welcome. 

South Hero, the largest of the islands, is twelve 
miles long and fills about one-third of the width of 
the lake. It is reached from the west by steamer, 
to Gordon's and Adams' Landings on the west and 
on the Vermont side by Sand Bar Bridge. Hotels 
and farm houses furnish accommodation at from 
$7.00 a week upward. 

Gordon's Landing is owned by D. I. Center. 
About 18 guests are provided for in the large stone 
house here. Post Office, Pearl, Vt. Entertainment 
can be had in the southerly portion of the island as 
follows: (Post Office address, South Hero, Vt.) 

"• Iodine Spring House," Capt. Warren Corbin, 
proprietor, on Keeler's Bay. Capacity about 50. 
Rates, $2 per day ; $7 to $10 per week. Open all 
the year. Distance 3^ miles from Gordon's Land- 
ing. '' Island House," O S. Keeler, proprietor. 
P. O., South Hero. Capacity 20. Rates, $2 per 
day ; $8 to $10 per week ; four miles from Gordon's, 
fare $1. ''Locust Grove," H. Kibbe, proprietor. 



Lake Champlain. 139 

Capacity about 30; to Gordon's six miles. " Martin 
Brothers " are near Locust Grove, with accommoda- 
tions for about a dozen. 

Eagle Camp on Rockwell's Bay is the summer 
place of Prof. George W. Perry, State Geologist, of 
Rutland, Vt., who brings a class of his boys here 
annually for summer outing. 

Adams' Landing. Adams House will provide 
for about 20 guests at $2 per day; $8 to $10 per 
week. Open June to October. Edwin Adams, 
proprietor. P. O. address, Adams, Vt. 

Ladd's Landing is at the northern extremity of 
the island. Alfred Ladd will provide for 15 guests; 
Mrs. Julia Childs for 12. P. O., Grand Isle, Vt. 

North Hero extends northerly from South 
Hero, to which it is connected at Ladd's, by a swing 
bridge. The post office is North Hero, on the east 
side of the island about four miles from its south 
end. Steamer lands regularly through the summer. 
Boarding houses are as follows : Mrs. C. E. Dar- 
row, on Hubbard's Bay ij^ miles north of Bow and 
Arrow Point ; Mrs. H. W. Allen at the hamlet of 
North Hero; $1.25 per day, $6 per week. Open 
June 1st to October, with capacity for about 30 5 
Nicholas Hale nearby with accommodations for ten 
or a dozen ; Mrs. Ruth McBride on the east shore, 
three miles north of the steamboat landing, will take 
care of 12, at about $6 per week. Open June to 
September; J. N. Parker will provide for 12 a half 
mile further north, at $i per day, $6 per week. 25 
cents per meal. Capacity 6 to 10. Open June ist 
to October. 

Isle LaMotte is 9 miles north of Cumberland 
Head. It is 5^ miles long by about i}i wide. 



I40 Lake Champlain. 

About its southern extremity are valuable black 
marble quarries. On its west shore, midway, is the 
site of a fort, built in 1812, and near its north end 
the ruins of Fort St. Anne, built in 1866. The 
post office, located centrally, is Isle LaMotte, Vt. 
Communication with the New York shore is had by 
ferry to Chazy Landing and to Alburgh Tongue by 
bridge at the north end. 

The Island House is here, midway of the island, 
where the road runs to the four points of the com- 
pass. Capacity 15. Rates, $1.50 per day ; $7.00 to 
$12 per week. Open all the year. H. H. Hill, pro- 
prietor. Stage from Alburgh Station, 6 miles, 50 
cents. Summer boarders are also taken at the 
houses of E. S. Fleury and N. W. Fisk, on the west 
side, and Cyrus Holbrook, N. G. Hill and M. Phelps, 
on the east side, in the southerly part of the island. 
At the northern part, on the west, doors are thrown 
open by D. T. Trombly, M. Carron, Wm. H. Yale 
and Wm. F. Hill, the last at the light-house, while 
the east side, north, is represented by the houses of 
C. G. & E. S. Holcomb and W. D. Osborn— all of 
which address at Isle LaMotte, Vt. 

Alburgh Springs is near the east shore of Al- 
burgh Tongue, a mile north of Alburgh Station, 
seven miles east of Rouse's Point. Its sulphur and 
lithia springs attract visitors who bathe in, and drink 
the waters. Hotels are the Alburgh Springs House 
and the Mansion House. Rates, $2.50 to $3 per day. 

The Great Back Bay is a revelation. It might 
remain undiscovered for years by the voyager 
through from north or south if not especially sought 
for. It is revealed in its broad beauty and 



Lake Champlain. 

entirety only from the hills that compass it about 
on the east. Glance at the map and you will note 
that it forms by considerable the larger body of the 
lake at its north end. It is entered through the 
narrow passage between North and South Hero Is- 
lands or through the long, slim passage at the 
north. Away at the south it stretches, cut across, 
finally by Sand-Bar Bridge ; at the north the open 
water is dotted with numerous small islands; east, 
St. Albans Bay enters deep into the main land, 
flanked and guarded by outstretching points and 
islands. This is noted fishing water and its shores 
favorite camping grounds. Some of these camps 
are for hire and some go only by favor. 

Camp Watson is one of the last. It is an ideal 
summer camp on an extensive scale, where Hiram 
Atkins, Editor-in-chief of the " Argus and Patriot" 
of Montpeiier, Vt., entertains his friends in royal 
American style. It consists of a large central cottage 
containing the dining-room, library and four sleeping 
rooms used in the cool early and late days of the 
season ; flanked during July and August by a long 
line of tents that suggests soldier life in earnest. 
At this time two cooks ar.d three or four table girls 
and four boatmen arc required to keep matters 
moving. Fifty people are often in camp, and 5uch 
is the power of the Atkins eye that they usually 
retire at lo o'clock evenings, and from that time 
until 6:30 of the morning refrain from any excess of 
noise or boisterous conduct, and attend regular 
Episcopal services on the Sabbath, the last, however, 
tnforced by a penalty too horrible for the average 
camper, with the average camper's appetite — and 
thirst — to cont( mf late for a moment. Camp Wat- 



142 Lake Champlain. 

son has been established twenty years. May it 
stand a hundred. 

Camps along this shore to let are owned respect- 
ively by Zeb. Everest, Aldis Martin and Charles 
Rich. Summer boarders are taken by W. B. Hal- 
bert, George Youngers and A. Lazelle and Rocky 
Point Hotel, on St. Albans Point. Address at St. 
Albans Bay. 

St. Albans is a characteristic Yankee town, hav- 
ing a more cosmopolitan air, however, than most 
New England villages, due largely to the fact that 
the large construction and repair shops of the Cen- 
tral Vermont R. R. are located here. The lower 
part of the town, in the vicinity of the railway sta- 
tion, is level; but the land soon rises, and the prin- 
cipal business street, with the pleasantest part of the 
town, is built upon a gently sloping hill overlooking 
Lake Champlain, 2^/^ miles distant. A spacious 
park emphasizes the focal part of the town. It is 
spangled with pathways leading beneath fine elms 
almost as dense and stately as those of the storied 
aisles of classic New Haven. The Welden is the 
chief hotel of the town. Rates not given. J. C. 
Finch, proprietor. 

Aldis Hill, an elevation near the town commands 
the ranges of the Adirondacks and Green Mountains, 
and a wide stretch of Lake Champlain. The ride 
to Bellevue, a winding hillside road, leading to the 
top of a neighboring eminence, gives one of the most 
extensive views in the State. 

Samson's Lake View House is on the lake 
shore three miles north of St. Albans Point. P. O., 
Lake View House, Vt., H. L. Samson, proprietor. 
Capacity of house 50. Rates, $2 per day ; $10 to 
$12 per week. 



Lake Champlain. 143 

Hotel Champlain, of the east, is at the north 
end of the *' Great Back Bay " locally known as 
Maquam, the western terminus of the St. J. & L. 
C. R. R. Close connections are made at Swan- 
ton with trains for Boston and New York. Ex- 
cellent fishing is found here, yielding small mouthed 
black bass, pickerel, pike and muscallonge. Fishing 
boats, experienced guides and all necessaries for sport 
can be had here during the fishing season. Pleasant 
drives lead back into the country and south along 
the lake shore. This is the original " Hotel Cham- 
plain " and not to be confounded with its new neigh- 
bor on the west shore. Rates, $2.50 per day ; $9 to 
$14 per week. Open June 1st. C. F. Smith, pro- 
prietor. P. O., Maquam, Vt. Telegraph office in 
the house. 

Continuing northward around Hog Island (made 
an island by the united waters of Maquam and 
Charcoal Creeks) the spreading delta of the Missis- 
quoi River is found where the " Swanton Gun Club " 
go regularly into camp. From this point is seen the 
noble expanse of Missisquoi Bay, 4 miles wide and 
extending down into the dominion of Canada an 
equal distance. 

HiGHGATE Springs is on the shore of the bay, 
backward southeast from the Delta. It is 14 miles 
north of St. Albans and about two miles south 
of the Canada line. The Franklin House and 
cottages standing here furnish excellent accom- 
modations for 150 guests. Judson L. Scott, 
proprietor. Board $2.50 to $3.00 per day ; $10.00 
to $20.00 per week. Open from June ist 
to October. Post and telegraph offices in 
the house. The attractions are duck-hunting 



Lake Champlain. 

and fishing. The place is attractive, the fare and 
accommodations excellent, and the mineral water — 
ah, that water ! it should be tasted to be appreciated. 
It has been analyzed and the man survived ! Any- 
way, the spring houses look nice in a picture. 

MiSSlSQUOi Park is a few rods north of the sta- 
tion on the shore of Missisquoi Bay. Nature has 
been lavish of her favors here. The grounds are 
broken into delightful forms, shaded by far spread- 
ing butternuts, elms — graceful as weeping willows — 
and cedars, twisted and shaggy. Velvety sward and 
richly colored rocks and ledges, cropping out, com- 
plete the picture, and the Central Vermont railroad 
lias enhanced its beauties by making its enjoyment 
possible. It has encouraged Nature by building 
cozy seats through Lovers' Lane, and opening up se- 
cluded walks under the trees. It has built swings 
for two, of the kind worked by its occupants, with 
no one to interfere, and it has furnished the time- 
honored, inevitable dancing pavilion and nickle- 
drawing refreshment rooms. On the whole, the 
place is delightful, and is appreciated by the im- 
mense excursions that come from the north, south 
and east to enjoy its favors. 

And here we must say good-bye, and — whether 
your course leads westward to the sparking waters 
that mirror the Thousand Islands ; to the splendors 
that cluster around Mount Royal ; to the quaint 
places of Quebec, or eastward, to where you lose 
yourself among the mighty fastnesses of the White 
Hills of New Hampshire — wish you many happy 
seasons yet to come and '' Bon voyage.'' 



Index to Advertisements. 

Alphabetically arranged. 

HOTELS.— Adirondacks, Miller's Saranac Lake H. i6o ; St. Hu- 
bert's Inn, 159. Albany, Hotel Kenmore, 171. Glens Falls, Rock- 
well House, 151. Lake Champlain, Cumberland House, 151 ; 
Hotel Champlain, 167. Lake George, Central House, 155 ; Hun- 
dred Island, 158 ; Island Harbor, 157; Kattskill, 155 ; Lake House, 
155 ; Lake View, 157 ; Mohican, 156 ; Sagamore, 157 ; Trout House, 
157 ; Trout Pavilion, 155. Ticonderoga, Burleigh House, 158. 
Saratoga, Saratoga department of this book, Albemarle, 47 ; Claren- 
don, 47 ; Columbian, 47 ; Congress Hall, 47 ; Elmwood Hall, 46 ; 
Dr. Hamilton's, 46 ; Dr. Strong's, 40 ; Huestis House, 47 ; Spencer 
House, 46 ; United States, 46 ; Windsor, 47 ; Woodbridge Hall, 47 ; 
Worden,46. 

RAILROADS. — Chateaugay, 174. Delaware & Hudson, 173. 
Fitchburg, 175. New York Central & Hudson River, 172. 

STEAMBOATS.— Citizens' Evening Line, 152 ; Hudson River 
Day Boats, inside cover, Saratoga side of book ; People's Line, page 
48, Saratoga side of book ; Lake George and Lake Champlain, 153. 

GLENS FALLS. — Hotel, 151 ; Insurance Company, 150 ; Livery, 
149; Photographer, 150; Shirts, Collars and Cuffs, 150-151 ; Terra 
Cotta and Brick Co., 150 ; Business Cards, 147-151. 

LAKE GEORGE.— Business Cards, 154; Books and Pictures, 
157 ; Drug Store, 154 ; L. G. A., 155 ; "Lake George Mirror," 154. 

PHOTOGRAPHIC Outfits and Publications.— Eastman's Kodak 
Company, 169 ; J. H. McDonald, 48 (Saratoga Department) ; Photo- 
Gravure Co., 152. 

BOOKS and PERIODICALS.— Adirondacks, 149 ; Forest and 
Stream, 168 ; Sun and Shade. 152. 

MAPS. — Adirondack Wilderness, 146-168, and inside front cover ; 
Lake Champlain, 149-169. 

INSURANCE.— New York Life, 170. 

CONGRESS WATER, 49, Saratoga side. 



MAPS, BOOKS AND PHOTOGRAPHS, 

PUBLISHED BY S. R. STODDARD, GLENS FALLS, N. Y. 

GUIDE BOOKS. 

The Adirondacks, Illustrated.— 16 mo., 272 pages, pseudo- 
cloth cover, 25 cents. 

Albant Evening Journal.—" Routes, fares to different points, 
time-tables, maps, guides, and whatever else the traveler is most 
concerned in knowing, are treated clearly and intelligently." New 
York Times. — " A book that may be read through from beginnini; 
to end at any time, and be found full of interesting reading matter.'" 
Troy Times.—" A delightful book, well spiced with anecdote and 
adventure." 

Saratoga, Lake G-eorgre and Lake Champlain, historical 
and descriptive, 16 mo., 200 pages, pseudo-cloth cover, 25 cents. 
Contains colored map three feet long, outline cuts of mountains, 
islands, etc., as seen from the passing steamer. 

MAPS.— Map of the Adirondack Wilderness. Pocket 
editioQ on map-bond paper, in board cover $1.00. 

Forest & Stream.—" It is the most complete map of the Adiron- 
dack region ever published, and is just what is wanted by a party 
intending to camp out." Shooting and Fishing.—" State officials 
consult it and the Fish Commissioners depend upon it for use of 
the State Game Protectors." 

Map of Lake G-eorg-e. Scale 1 mile to an inch. Pocket 
edition on map-bond paper, board cover 50 cents. 

Map of Lake Champlain. Scale 2'%. miles to an Inch, with 
smaller maps of the Richelieu River, and routes and dis^tances to im- 
portant points. Pocket edition on map-bond paper.board cover, 50cts. 

BOOKS OF PICTURES. 

Lake Georg-e. Twelve photogravure plates 10x12 inches, 
comprising over 50 choice bits of Lake George scenery. Bound in 
torchon board, with illuminated title, $1 50. Among" the 
Mountains of the Adirondacks.— Ten plates. Same style 
and size as Lake George, $1.50. Throug"h the Lake Country 
of the Adirondacks.— Same as above, $150. The Hudson 
River, from its Source to the Sea —Same as above $1.50. 
Au Sable Chasm. — Photogravure, twelve pages of pictures, 
51^x7 inches. Illuminated title. In mailing box, 50 cents. 

SOUVENIRS OF THE NORTH. (Price 75 cents each, 
contain from eighteen to thirty representative views of sections in- 
dicated by their titles, reproduced by the Photo-Gravure Company. 
Size 5^x7 inches.) Saratog-a, Lake Georg-e, Blue Moun- 
tain Lake, Raquette Lake, Long: Lake, Tupper Lake 
Reg-ion, Luzerne and Schroon Lake, "Wild Lakes of 
the Adirondacks, (Au Sable Lakes, Tear-of-the-clouf's, Ava- 
lanche, Colden, Sandford, Henderson, etc.) Elizahethto^wn 
and Keene Valley, North Elba and beyond, Lake 
Placid, The Saranao Lakes, "Winter at Saranac Lake, 
Glens Falls, Howes Cave. In mailing; box 75 cents each. 

PHOTOGRAPHS of the Adirondacks, Lake George, Lake 
Champlain, the Hudson River, West Point Military Academy, 
Howes Cave, Mount De'^ert Island, the Bay of Fundv, etc. Prices, 
per doz. Crystal Stereos, $2 00 ; Boudoir Views (5x8) $3.60; Im- 
perial Views (7x9) S6 00 ; 10x14 Views, $1.00 each ; 16x20 Views 
(unmounted) in mailing tubes. $2 00 each. 

Lantern Slides. Any subject in mv collection of views at 50 
cents each. Transparencies in nickel frames 5x8 inches, $1.25 ; 
8x10 inches, $2.50. 

All goods above (except lantern slides and transparencies) sent 
postpaid on receipt of price. 

Address. S. R. STODDARD Glens Falls, N. Y. 



GLENS FALLS BUSINESS HOUSES. 

ALPHABETICALLY ARRANGED. 

BOOKS.— P. P. Braley & Co., 133 Glen Street. Booksellers 
and Stationers, dealers in wall paper, window shades, artists' 
goods, zephyrs, hammocks, lawn tennis, croquet, etc. 

Critteuden & Cowles, Books, Stationery, Fancy Goods, and 
High Art Wall Papers. Oldest house of the kind in Warren 
County. Business established in 1868. 

P. F. Madigan, Bookseller, Stationer and Newsdealer, No. 3 
Warren Street. Musical merchandise, pictures, frames and sport- 
ing goods of all kinds. 

BOOTS & SHOES.— Hartman & Everest, Crandall Block. 
Monument Square, have boots, shoes, rubbers, leather and find- 
ings, with a line of specialties in E. C. Burt's and Gray Brothers 
fine work. 

Long Bros , 85 Glen St., carry a full line of boots and shoes, 
and sell them cheap. They have the exclusive sale of *' John 
Kelly's " fine fitting shoes for ladies ; and are agents for the 
" Light Running " Domestic Sewing Machine. 

Cash Shoe Store, cor. South and Elm Streets. We keep a 
nice clean stock of Ladies' and Gents' Fine Shoes, which we sell 
at honest prices. Thomas Thomson. 

CARRIAGES.— Glens Falls Backboard Co., D. L. Robert- 
son, President, W. B. Griffin, Sec'y and Treasurer. Patentees 
and Manufacturers of Art Buckboards, Warren Street. 

Nelson LaSalle. manufacturer of fine light carriages and 
sleighs, including the combination buck-board wagon. Special 
attention given to repairing in all branches. 36 Glen Street. 

CARRIAGE & SADDLERY GOODS.— J. E. Sawyer, whole- 
sale and retail dealer in carriage hardware and harness, robes, blan- 
kets, iron, steel and blacksmiths' supplies, carriage tops, coach 
colors and varnishes. No. 26 Warren Street, opposite Post Office. 

CLOTHING.— D. E. Peck, popular clothier and hatter, 16 
Warren St. Men's, youths', boys' and children's tailor-fitting 
clothing, hats, caps, umbrellas, canes, hammocks, and gents' 
furnishing goods. Headquarters for trunks, travelling bags, &c. 

MERCHANT TAILOR.— Dennis McLaughlin, 141 Glen 
Street, (2d floor). All garments made up in first-class style. 
Satisfaction guaranteed. 

Rochester Clothing Co.. Glens Falls, N. Y. Fine Clothing 
a specialty. Young Men's Christian Association Building, Glen 
Street. 

Tripp & Ducret, manufacturers of Fine Custom Clothing. 
Isaac Tripp, salesman ; Edward Ducret, cutter, 145 Glen Street. 

DENTISTS.— Dr. James S. Garrett, Opera House Block. 

Dr. L. H. Graves, S. W. Cor. Glen and Exchange Sts. For 
two years Teacher of Operative Dentistry at the University of 
Pa. Difficult cases solicited.' 

DIAMONDS.— L. P. Juvet. Fine stones a specialty. 



148 Glens Falls Business Cards. 

DRUGrS. — Ames & Baldwin, chemists and druggists, i 50 Glen 
Street. Physicians' Prescriptions a specialty. Finest and best 
equipped Drug Store in northern New York. Mail orders will 
receive prompt attention. 

Ferris & Yiele. i860 — 1892. Wholesale and Retail Drug- 
gists. Dealers in Painters' supplies, seeds, &c,, 124 Glen Street. 
Legrgett & Peddie. Wholesale and Retail Druggists, 137 
Glen Street. Dealers in paints, oils, window glass, and artists' 
materials, tobacco, snuff and cigars, timothy, clover and garden 
seeds, etc. 

Reuben N. Peck, 8 Warren Street, druggist and apothecary. 

Specialties in patent medicines, perfumery, paints, oils, glass, etc. 

DRY GOODS— G. F. Bayle. Leading and largest dry goods 

and millinery establishment in northern New York, 139 and 141 

Glen Street. Particular attention paid to mail orders. 

Byron B. Fowler, Exchange Building, 130 Glen Street. Dry 
goods, carpets, cloaks, laces, gloves, etc. 

Goodson Bros., dealers in dry goods. Sell strictly for cash. 
One price to everybody and that price the same every day in the 
week. 23 Ridge Street. 

ELECT rtlCI AN.— Geo. E. Adams & Co. See Hardware. 
Electric lighting apparatus, electric bells, annunciators for hotels, 
and every description of electric work put in and repaired. 

FIRE-ARMS.— T. H. Needliam, dealer in Fire-Arms and 
Fishing-Tackle. Repair work of all kinds promptly done. 19 
Ridge Street. 

FRUIT. — A. M. Burdett, Groceries, Provisions and Fruits 
5, 10 and 25 cent bargain counters, 186 and 188 Glen Street, 
Monument Square. 

FURNITURE.— Chas. E. Bullard. Furniture of every de- 
scription for the cottage or the palace. Picture framing, spring 
beds, mattresses, pillows, etc. Undertaker and Embalmer. 
Monument Square. 

Wilmartli & LaSalle, 15 and 17 Ridge Street, furniture and 
undertaking. Cottage furniture a specialty. Folding cots, piazza 
chairs, etc. This house having been in business in this place for 
fifty-one years, is competent to meet all requirements of its cus- 
tomers. 

GROCERIES.— J. C. Kelley, 13 Ridge St., Retail dealer in 
high class groceries. Pure teas, coffees and spices a specialty. 
Fresh canned goods of every description. Has exclusive sale of 
Larrabee's breads. 

Daniel Peck «fe Co., wholesale grocers, and general dealers in 
fine imported and domestic groceries, canned goods, etc. 11 1 and 
113 Glen Street, and 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 Ridge Street. 

John S. Powers, dealer in fine groceries, teas and coffees. 
Wholesale and retail fruit dealer. Fine butter, fresh eggs, best 
cheese, olives and table luxuries, tobaccos and cigars. Sole 



Glens Falls Business Cards. 149 

agents for Autograph flour. Boston coffee. i8 Warren Street, 
and 34 South Street. 

M. L. Robinson, dealer in fancy and staple groceries, flour, 
and provision of all kinds. Complete line of cigars and tobaccos. 
Thomson's Block, cor. South and Elm Streets. 

Smith & Horton, fine groceries, choice teas, coffees, flour and 
creamery butter. Canned goods a specialty. Crandall Block, 
Monument Square. 

W. H. Stewart & Co. A full line of fancy imported and do- 
mestic groceries constantly on hand. We make a specialty of 
hotel and cottage trade, and are always in a position to name 
prices that will insure a saving over any competitors. Send for 
catalogue. 126 Glen Street. 

HARDWARE.— Gleo. E. Adams & Co., dealers in Andes stoves 
and general hardware. Plumbing, steam heating, gas fitting, etc. 

DeLong" & Sons, dealers in hardware, iron, steel and stoves, 
120 Glen Street. Gas fitting, tin work and plumbing done to 
order. Lock Box 247. 

Stiilwell & Allen, 134 Glen Street. Hardware, stoves, pumps, 
refrigerators, paints, brushes, etc. Rope and cordage. 

HOUSEHOLD (iOODS.— N. S. McOmber, 71 Glen Street, 
dealer in second hand goods of every kind ; also full line new 
mattresses, pillows and bed springs. Second hand goods 
wanted. 

JEWELRY. — L. P. JuTet, finest and largest stock in Northern 
New York. 

Tliompson & Floyd, watchmakers and jewelers, repairing a 
specialty, 85 Glen Street. 

LITERY.— H. R. Leayens & Co., Ridge Street, Glens Falls 
and Lake George. 

MARKETMEN.— Corbett & Callahan, dealers in choice 
meats, fresh and salt fish, vegetables, canned goods, etc., corner 
South and Elm Streets. 

Mason Bros , fresh and salt meats, canned goods, fish, oysters, 
and clams. Chicago dressed beef a specialtv. 94 Glen Street. 

MILLINER.— Mrs. H. W. Mason, Fashionable Millinery, 
Hair Goods, Ladies', Misses' and Children's Underwear, Hosiery, 
Corsets and Infants' Clothing, i Crandall Block, Monument 
Square. 

OP riCIAN.— L. p. Juvet. 

POULTRY.— H. R. T. Coffin, breeder of and dealer in thor- 
oughbred poultry, dogs, saddle horses, Jersey cattle, etc. Ad- 
dress for circular and prices. Glens Falls, N. Y. 

STEAM BOILERS.— G. E. Adams & Co., 145 Glen Street. 
Manufacturers of Adams' Pattern Safety Water Tube Steam Boil- 
ers for Yachts and Steamboats. 

SPECTACLES AND EYE-GLASSES, fitted to the eyes by 
scientific methods. L. P, Juvet. 



I50 

i849- "OLD AND TRIED." iSga. 

Glens Falls Insurance Co., 

GLENS FALLS, N. V. 

One of the Oldest and Strongest Fire Insurance Com- 
panies in America. 

J. L. CUNNINGHAM, Pres't., R. A. LITTLE, Sec'y. 

GLENS FALLS 

TERRA GOTTA i.^^ BRICK CO. 



J. M. COOLIDGE. CHARLES SCALES, 

President Superintendent. 

FRANK M. TAFT. 



'^:<, ',!....« 



Monument Square, Glens Falls, N. Y. 



All work from this Gallery Strictly First Class and at a Reasonable Price. 

¥aN W/IGNER k JiORRIS. 

Manufacturers of Superior 

Custom ^ Made Shirts, 

COLLARS, CUFFS AND UNDERWEAR. 

Elegant, Perfect Fitting, and Warranted to Give Entire Satisfaction. 

OPERA HOUSE BLOCK. 



151 






h 



Capacity, 100. Rates, $3.00 per Day; Special for 
Week or Season. 



C. L. ROCKWELL, 



Manager. 




MANUFACTURERS OF 

Silk Weft, Madras, 

Flannel, Oxford, 
Striped Sateen, 

and Plain 

SHIRTS. 

MEN'S LINEN 

COLLARSlCUFfS. 

Factory and Laundry 

— AT— 

GLENS FALLS. N. Y. 



CUMBERLAND HOUSE, 

Plattsburgln, N. V. 
UNDER NEW MANAGEMENT. 

Located on Trinity Square. Richly furnished. Every convenience. 

Table unsurpassed. Free carriage to all boats and trains. 

Rates, $2.oo per day. Special for extended stay. 

CHARLES F. BECK, - Proprietor. 

(Late of tlie "Florida Hou-se,"St, Augustine, Fla,,aiid "Hotel Windsor," Rouses Point.) 



152 

Citizens' Line Steamers. 

Popular Hudson River Route 

BETWEEN . 

]Vew York, Troy, ^aratog^a, T^ake George, 

And at all Points in the Adirondack Region. 
NEW PALACE STEAMERS, 

Saratoga and City of Troy. 

r ^^!^ ^ Lighted throughout by electricity. i( C^ 

"^2^3^ Electric lights and electric bells in every room, ^v^ 

FARE LOWER THAN BY ANY OTHER ROUTE. 

liEAVE NEW YORK Daily (e.Kcept Saturday), at 6 P. M., N. R., foot Chris- 
topher Street, connecting with all early Trains North and East. 

LEAVE TROY Daily (except Saturday), on arrival Evening Train, Sunday, 
6 P. M. 

SUNDAY STEAMERS, BOTH NORTH AND SOUTH, TOUCH AT ALBANY. 

For Tickets and State Rooms in New York, apply at the office on the pier ; at 207, 257, 261, 
271, 397, 944, 1323 Broadway, and 737 Sixth Avenue ; i Court Street. Brooklyn ; 838 and 860 Ful- 
ton Street ; 107 Broadway, Williamsburgh. In the South at principal Ticket Offices in Phila- 
delphia, Baltimore, Washington and Richmond. 



GEO. W. HORTOX, Vice-Prest. 
GEO. W. GIBSON, Gen. Pass. Agt, 
TROY, N. Y. 



J. CORNKLL, President. 
G. M. LEWIS, Gen. Ticket Agt. 
NEW YORK. 




An Artistic Periodical, Without Letter-Press. 

PaBLL2lSRED M0NTRLY. 

Each Issue of "SUN AND SHADE" consists of eig-ht or more 
plates of the hig-hest g-rade, on paper 11x14. 

The subscription price for " Sun and Sfiacie " is ^4 per 
year, in advance, commencing with No. 5, or any subsequent 
number. Single or sample copies, 40 cents. Orders for 
copies of Nos. I, 2 and 3 will be received at 60 cents each. 
No. 4 at ^1. 

N. Y. PHOTO-CRAVURE CO., PUBLrSHERS. 

No. 137 "WEST 23d STREET, N. Y. 



153 



SUMMKR ARRANGKMENT. 
SEASON OF 1891. 



" VERMONT," Capt. B. J. Holt, 

will leave Plattsburg at 7.00 A. M.; Bluff Point, 7.15 A. m. Port Kent, 
7.35 A. M.; Burlington, 8.40 a. m.; Westport, 10.10 a. m.; arriving 
at Fort Ticonderoga, 12.25 P. m., connecting with trains lor the 
South and Lake George; returning, leave Fort Ticonderoga on arri- 
val of trains from the South and Lake George, 1.30 p. m.; Westport, 
3.30 P. M., for Burlington, Port Kent, Bluff Point and Plattsburgh. 

BREAKFAST, DINNER and SUPPER SERVED ON BOARD. 

*' Chaxeaugay," Captain Bald^tvin, 

will leave Westport at 7.00 A. m., touching at Essex, Burlington, 
Port Kent, Bluff Point, Plattsburgh, Gordon's and Adam's, reaching 
North Hero, 12.20 p. m.; returning, leave North Hero 12.20 p. m., 
touching as above, arrive at Westport 6.45 p. m. 

MEALS SERVJED ON BOARD. 

^JIKE (iEOI(GE iTEJIMEI(S. 

^ 

"HORICON," Capt. J. D. Reeves, 

m\\ leave Caldwell on arrival of train from Saratoga and the 
South, 9.40 A.M., for way landings and Baldwin, connecting 
with train for Lake Champlain ; returning, leave Baldwin i p.m. 
for Caldwell and the South. 

"TlCONE)]©ROQA/' Capt. Arbiickile, ' 

leaves Baldwin 7.30 a.m. for way landings and Caldwell, con- 
necting with train for Saratoga. Albany, and New York ; leava 
Caldwell on arrival of train, 4.30 p.m. for Baldwin. 

IMIEAI.S SERTED ON BOARI>. 

GENERAL OFFICE^ GEORGE RUSHLOW, 



fr 



General Agent 



HUNTS city' DRUG STORE, 

"OLD STONE STOP?©." 

CALDWELL, LAKE GEORGE, N. Y. 

Prescription Department in charge of M. Asher, New York City. 

This Store may be depended upon for reliable pharmacy, and the high 
standard of excellence which has distinguished it in the 
past will be maintained. 

Drugs, Medicines, Fancy Goods, Druggists' 
Sundries, Perfumery, &c., &c. 

A Fresh supply of CHOICE CANDIES and 

CHOCOLATES constantly on hand. 

F»ark: & Tilford's Cigars. 

Japanese Goods aad Curios, 

Stationery, Artists' Colors, 

Ready-Mixed Paints and 
Pure Linseed Oil. 

ALL ORDERS WILL BE GIVEN PROMPT ATTENTION, 

Dr. W. J. HUNT, Proprietor. 

DRY GOODS i GROCERIES ^i,^i.fJ.: Lr'.^HIi. 

General Stock of Goods comprising everything needed in Cottage, Camp 
or Hotel. Special attention given to Fine Groceries. Orders by Mail 
promptly filled. 

D T. SAHD3, Main Street, Lake George. 

Oae door North of the Old Stone Store. 

DRY AND FANCY GOODS, FINE SHOES. 

< TH^lflKE GEORGE MIRROR > 

Is one of the handsomest watering place journals published. Its pages are 
devoted to light reading of the most approved watering place gossip. No 
scandal. If you wish to reach the best bred people or read all the news on 
Lake George, you cannot do better than subscribe or advertise in the 
-^EZLAKE GEORGE MIRROR. ^^ 

Subscription to the MIRROR, $i.oo for season, paid in advance. The 
Mirror is published for fifteen weeks from the first of June until the mid- 
dle of September. From three to four weeks longer than any other water- 
ing place journal published. W. H. TIPPETS, Editor and Publisher. 

Address during the months of November, December, January, February, 
March, April, May, Glens Falls, N. Y. 

Address during the months of June, July, August, September and Octo- 
ber Lake George Assembly, Lake George, N. Y. 



THE LAKE HOUSE, 

I^AKE GEORGE, N. Y. 

Under new management OPEN June i. Electric bells in every 
room, terra cotta fireplaces, etc. ; fishing, yachting and driving un- 
surpassed: reasonable rates for the season. For circulars address 

H. E. NICHOLS, Proprietor. 

CeNTRAlTMOTEU 

LAKE GEORGE, N. Y. 

-a.CC03Vi:3Vr03D-(^TI0ITS IFOIt lOO a-TJESTS. 

Under New Management. First-class tables ; Telephone and Telegraph 
in the house. Free omnibvis to all trains and boats. Finest case of relics of 
1755 in the state. New barns for guests' horses. 

Kates, $2 per day ; $8 to 914 per week. 

S_ ID. BE-OTiVJSr, - - I'3r»o:p3ri©t03r»- 

MKE QE2RQE /U/EHBLT. 

PICTURESQUE SUMMER HOMES. 



Sermons on Sundays, Lectures on Tuesdays, Concerts on Thursdays, 
Amusements on Saturdays, and do as you please between whiles, provided 
you please to do right. 

For further information address 

L. G. A., Lake George, N. Y. 

^^TROUT PAVILION,^^ 

KATTSKILL BAY, N. Y. 

Capacity 100. Rates, $9 to $12 per week. 

Post Office in the house. JOHN CRONKHITE, Proprietor. 

KATTSKILL HOUSE, lake georgeny. 

Open June 15th for the reception of guests. For terms and parti- 
culars, address a. P. SCOVILL, Proprietor, Kattskill Bay, N. Y. 




Mo><iCAjrH6\JSE:. 

"BoLJOI^-OI^-Iai^E- Geo F\G E. 
^TSILWYORK. 



Capt. Kverett Harrisoii 

TCD IPAKABIBE BAY* 

Morning and Afternoon Excursions touching at all landings . Round trip $i 



THE LAKE VIEW HOUSE, 

BOLTON, ON LAKE GEORGE 

Bowling Alleys, Billiard Tables, Row Boats, etc. Telegraph in the house. 
Terms : $12 to $15 per week ; $3 per day. 

R. J. BROWN, Proprietor. 



ON GREEN ISLAND. LAKE GEORGE, 

Connected with Mainland by Bridge. 

This Splendid New Hotel is open for Guests from June 20th, until Septem- 
ber 30th. It is supplied with a 

Passenger Elevator, Electric Lig^hts in every Room. 

And all the Latest Conveniences. Its situation is the finest on the Lake, 
t^xcellent Table. Reasonable Rates. Easy of access by boat from Caldwall, 
where trams with Parlor Cars arrive from Saratoga, New York and inter- 
mediate points several times a day. Drawing Room Cars by West Shore 
Railroad, New York to Caldwall, without change. For descriptive circular 
and plan of rooms 

Address M. O. BROWN, Lessee and Proprietor. 
Bolton Landing P. 0., Lake George, Warren Co., N. Y. 



TROUT HOTTSF] HHSaE. Remodelled and refurnished. 

At nn • ^^^^ ^ ^^^ ' ' — Spacious piazza facing the lake, 

ivawn lennis. Commands one of the finest views on Lake George. 
iJoats to rent, with fishermen in attendance, at reasonable rates. The best 
nshing waters of Lake George within fifteen minutes' rowof the house. We 
have the reputation of setting a first-class table. Capacity 40. Board from 
$7.00 to $8.00 per week ; $1.25 per day. 

CHAS. H. WHEELER, Proprietor. 



iSLANn HAPRHP 
, rZ.^^T^ , }* '^ rV ^ ^^ r\ , shore of a beautiful harbor land- 
locked bj' nine islands, fonniner the WAT.TOVTAN avu 



This House is located on the 



looked by nine islands, forming the WALTOXIAN GROUP. Is especially adapted to the 
convenience and coratorts of lovers of "woods and waters" and the sports incident thereto, 
sare boating for ladies and others of limited experience among: the islands. While our rates 
are very moderate, we remind our patrons that the beauties and benefits of Lake George are 
astree to them here as at the more expensive places. Pleasant drives to many points of 
interest, including Fort Ticonderoga, Sabbath Day Point, and other localities which the pen 
01 ine mstorian has made famous. Horses, cariiageis, boats and guides. House enlarged to 
^£S°i"°""if i^ tV^^*^- JReferences in all principal cities. Telegraph in the house, Rates, $1.50 
per day ; $8 to $10 per week. Address . . -» 

A. C. CLIFTON, Hague, Warren County. N. Y. 



L3.KC VJCOrQl*C pages of pictures, by mail, 75 cents. Ad 

^^* O^ dress S. R. Stoddard, Glens F " 



Snap Shots from the Steamboat.' 

iges of pictures, by mail, 75 cents, 
dress S. R. Stoddard, Glens.Falls, N. Y. 



158 

BURLBiatl FfOUSB, 

rieeNDEReGA, n. y. 
( ^ E. J. weOD, PRePRiETeR. ^^^— ^ 

This new and elegant hotel is pleasantly located midway between Lake 
Champlaiii and Lake George. 

The building is of brick, 80x40, 4 stories above the basement. Mansard roof. 
100 commodious rooms, newly furnished and supplied with an abundance of 
Lake George water, heated by steam, lighted by electric light, hot and cold 
water baths, complete fire protection on each floor. All the appointments are first- 
class. Burleigh House is within three hours ride of Schroon Lake. Shortest and 
most direct way to the Adirondacks. 

Attractions include many pints of historic interest within short range of this 
holel,among which are the extensive fortifications of FORT TICONDEROGA, built 
by the French in 1755, and surrendered to Col. Ethan Allen, May loth, 1775, who 
demanded it " in the name of the Great Jehovah and the Continental Congress. 

Mount Hope, where heavy redoubts and fortifications were made upon which 
to erect batteries to bear upon the Fort. 

Mount Defiance, which rises 750 feet above Lake Champlain. Gen. Burgoyne 
ascended this mountain from the north, July 4, 1777. erected a battery of heavy guns 
upon its summit, completely commanding the Fort, and dislodged the Americans. 

Lake George, (the " Como " of America.) with its many delightful resorts and 
thousand enchanting views. 

Lord Howe's Monument, erected near where he was fatally wounded by a 
French scout. ^ , . , , , . , . . 

Fort Frederick, built by the French in 1731, much of which remains in a good 
state of preservation. And many other localities of interest. 

FIRST-CLASS LIVERY connected with the house. GOOD BOATING within 
a few minutes walk on either lake. Fine opportunity for fishing, where tons of trout 
and bass are annually taken. Hunting grounds between Lake Pharaoh and Lake 
George, abound with deer and small game. Telegraph and express oifice in the 
house. Rates of board $10 to $20 per week. Transient, $2.50 per day. 




Ill )M ;iii/'iiiiff/'r' 
llllillllllll ll.'l 



R. G. Bradley & Co., Proprietors. - SHELVING ROCK, N. Y. 

Rates, |io to $17.50 per week ; $2.50 to $3 per day. Post-office 
in the house. Particular attention given to invalids. Telegraph 
office within five minutes' walk. Fresh milk and vegetables from 
Shelving Rock Farm. 



159 




A>lkOM)>A<;K$. 

IN THE nOUNTfllNS. 

Jit iKe KeAd of 

ORLANDO BEEDE^ Proprietor, 

-^BEEDE VEm°CO .,°n.T.^ 

Open Juine 15th to October 1st. 

Mail, Telephone. Livery, and convenient Staa:e Service. . Spacious 
moms, open fire-places, steam heat, piire water, and perfect drain- 
ag:e arc all provded for. 

Wild wood Paths to Streams and Waterfalls. 

— ^ 

Trails to the tops of Maroy, Sky'light, Gothics, 
Colvin, Dix, Noonma^it^and the Giant. 

Opens Under Same* Management, June 1. 



■FO/e PARTICULARS ADDRESS, 



[|®@d(g's, Ess®?? C@o, !Nlo Y, 



i6o 

CHANCE IN MANACEMENT. 

MILLER'S SARANAG LAKE HOUSE 

V ^ On the Shores of Lower Saranac Lake. ^ 

The management of this well known pleasure resort (which has 
been under lease the past two seasons), has been resumed by the 
owner. Improvements have been made to more fully meet the re- 
quirements of a first-class hotel. 

Large open fire places in office, parlors and dining-room. Nearly 
surrounded by a broad piazza. i,ooo feet of promenade. Accom- 
modations for 300 guests. 

BOOMS LARGE AND WELL TENTILATED. 

Single or in suits of from two to six communicating. Electric 
bells and all modern improvements. The sanitary condition of the 
house has been improved and every precaution taken to attain per- 
fection. Pure spring water. Connected with the house is a superior 
vegetable garden and dairy farm which supplies the tables. Trout 
and venison in their season. 

THE LOCATION AND CLIMATE 
Is highly recommended by eminent physicians for those suffering 
from lung and pulmonary diseases. Malaria and Hay Fever are 
unknown. 

SUPERIOR HUNTING AND FISHING 

Deer, trout, wild duck and other game in the immediate neigh- 
borhood. Trout are abundant in this lake and the brooks flowing 
into it. Lake trout trolling and fish ng is the best in May and June. 
Fly fishing in July and August. Deer shooting in August, Septem- 
ber and October. Partridge and duck shooting during the fall 
months. 

AMUSEMENTS. 

Boating, shooting, fishing, hunting, driving, croquet, bowling, 
billiards, lawn tennis, etc. 

A first-class liyery and a gener.\l store 

Connected with the house. Parties can be supplied with all the 
necessaries for camping, including guns, fishing tackle, blankets, etc. 

Telegraph, post-office and daily Tnail (New York daily papers 
delivered the day of their publication and Sunday papers at noon.) 

Terms per day, $3 to $4. $14 to $21 per week. Special rates for 
prolonged stay. 

Diagrams of house and city references furnished on application. 

For further particulars address 

MILO B. MILLER, Proprietor. 
H. H. TousLEY, Manager. Saranac Lake, N. Y. 



i67 




mk 






^•'"~""-''i ■■■'r^ 









i i 



he ^©(el ©hctmplain" 



On ttie Litie of tiie Dela\?vare & Huidson R. R., 
Ttiree IVlilea Soulln of Plattsburgii, N. Y. 

THE STJI»EE,B 

^ unQmer J-fofef of fKe rio rtR . 

The northern tour is not complete without a visit to the 
*' Champlain/'' the most desirable and conyenient stopping 
place en-route. 

STRICTLY FIRST CLASS. 



i68 



Sportsmen Never 

Enlarge 

the 

Truth 

More enthusiastically than when telling of the antlers the old 
buck carried off, or of the big fish that got away. But about a 
thing in hand exaggeration is less easy; it speaks for itself — for 
just what it is. 





(the weekly journal of fishing and shooting) 
Stands that test. We cannot begin to tell you all its good points. 
It speaks for itself. You will hke its breezy sketches of sport 
with rod and reel and dog and gun; its stories of camp life, its 
accounts of tramp and cruise. Ask your dealer for the current 
number or send to us. Sample copies^ lo cents. Per year, ,^4, 
We will send free (on mention of this advt.) our illustrated Catalogue of 
best Books on Shooting, Fishing, Camping, Yachting, Canoeing, 
Boat Building, Dog Training, Natural History, Outdoor Life and 
Field Sports. Address 

rOEEST AND &TREAM PUB. 00., 318 Broadway, N. Y, 




'^^-J^Sti^' 



169 



TKq FJ3J?vk C^i^incr?!.. 




A system which admits of the practice of photog- 
raphy without the least l^nowledge of the art is 
presented by the "Kodak." 

Anyone can use this camera. The operation of 
making a picture consists simply of pressing a but- 
ton. No dark room or chemicals are necessary. 
From twenty-four to one hundred pictures are made 
without reloading. 

By the aid of the "Kodak" a complete illus- 
trated record of every day incidents, a picturesque 
diary of every trip, beautiful bits of landscape and 
hundreds of interesting scenes may be readily ob- 
tained. 

PRICES, $6.00 TO $65.00. 
— - — ■♦«♦»»" 

THE # EASTMAN « COMPANY, 

For sale by all Photo. Stock Dealers. Send for Catalogue. 



170 



Two*For*OnQ. 

Proleclion ^ ^ 

Uo £amlFv or* eittate in e>9entof earfij eleatR, 

Profile^Lk IiiYe5lmenI ^ 

iJor ijouri>eff ir^ e^S'eni' of fon^ Fife. 
5i>otR for fRc price of or^e uac^er a contraor 

of me 



^f^^^y>^ 




J ip^^' 



Iff YORK LIFE 
INSnRAICE CO. 



JOHN A. MCCALL, PRESIDENT. 
^asl7 (0^ssGfs, oO^r $125,000,000. 
gufplus, '' 15,000,000. 

Examine the ^^ POLICY WITH SPECIAL 
GUARANTEES," and the '^ INSURANCE BOND 
WITH GUARANTEED INTEREST." 

iJor parficuFar<i> eKi.3.re«t>ji^, 

D. H. /1TER5, qemer/il /Iqent, 

Rooms 12 and 13 Union Bank Building, 



I7T 




The Leading Hotel of Albany, IT. 7. 

^■'i^^'l^f'^ ''^ ""^ ^^'^^^^ "/ ''»«■ $100 mo 

100 Elegant Rooms, Grand Dining Hall 

{Handsomest in the State), Lobbies, 

Heading Rooms, etc. 

Centrally Located. Convenient to State 
Capitol and other public buildings. 

Free Omnibusses in Attendance at all Trains and Boats. 

H. J. ROCKWELL, Proprietor. 
F. W. ROCKWELL, Manager. 



[72 



PASSENGER RATES FROM NEW YORK 

- - VIA - " 

NEW YORK CENTRAL 

& 

HUDSON RIVER RAILROAD 

AND CONNECTING LINES. 



NOTE. — Through tickets to the following points are on sale at all 
New York offices of the New York Central and Hudson River Rail- 
road. Excursion tickets are issued at prices given in the column of 
figures under "And Return." 

For further information apply to George H. Daniels, General 
Passenger Agent, Grand Central Station, New York. 



TO 

Albany I3 

Au Sable Chasm. . . . 
Au Sable Station.... 8 
Blue Mountain Lake. 8 

Baldwin 6 

Caldwell* 5 

De Kalb Junction 8 

Elizabethtown 7 

Forked Lake 10 

Fort Ticonderoga. ... 5 

Glens Falls 4 

Gouveneur 8 

Lake Placid : 
via Plattsburg & Cha 

teaugay R. R 11 

Lake George* 5, 

Through and return 
via Ticonderoga.... 

Loon Lake 10, 

Lake Luzerne(Hadley)4 



And 
Keturn 

.10 $6.00 

14.50 

60 15.85 

95 17.00 

70 

.55 10.30 

61 

,80 14.50 

70 20.50 

05 

80 8.80 

,21 



60 22.35 
55 10.30 

12.65 

90 19-55 
86 8.80 



And 
TO Return. 

Malone I9 90 

Montreal 10.00 18.25 

via Lake George. .11.50 19.75 

North Creek 5.94 11.00 

Northville 4,98 

Paul Smith's. ..... ..12.00 21.00 

Plattsburgh 8.00 14.75 

Port Kent 7.60 14.00 

Potsdam 9.21 

Raquette Lake 10.20 19.50 

Riverside 5.70 10.50 

Rome. 5.30 

Rouse's Point 8.70 15.35 

Saratoga 4.20 7.50 

Saranac Inn 12.85 22.00 

Saranac Lake (lower) 11.35 20.40 

Schroon Lake 7.45 14.00 

Troy 3.15 

Westport 6.81 12.25 



^During the season a Special Excursion Ticket is issued for $8.50 
good on Saturday to Caldwell, and return following night. 



173 




'\iiiiw I iiliii 

BAILBOAD 

TO THE 

ADIRONDACK MOUNTAINS, 

MONTREAL, QUtBtC, 

Lake George, Lake Champlain, Au Sable Chasm, 

Saratoga, Round Lake, Howe's Cave, Sharon 

Springs, Cooperstown and the 

CELEBRATED GRAVITY RAILROAD, between 
Carbondale and Honesdale, Pa., 

67 miles shorter than any other line, between New York, Albany 

or Troy to the St. Regis Lakes. 

ONLY AN HOUR'S STAGE RIDE TO LAKE PLACID. 

The completion of the Chateaugay R. R. from Plattsburgh to 
Saranac Lake, opens up the very heart of the Adirondack Moun- 
tains to direct Rail Communication. 

Low Price Excursion Tickets 

To all the famous Adirondack, Lake George and Lake Champlain 
resorts are on sale at the Company's offices, Albany, Troy and 
Saratoga, during the season of pleasure travel. 



H. C. YOUNG, 

SECOND VICE-PRESIDENT. 



J. W. BURDICK, 

GENERAL PASSENGER AGENT, 
ALBANY, N. Y. 



174 
1S32. THCE ISaS. 

CHAT^AUGAY RAIUROAD 

BETWEEN 

PLATTSBURGH AND SARANAC LAKE, 

The Short All-Rail Line to the 

IN CONNECTION WITH THE 

de:uaware: anp Hudson r, r, 



THE ONLY LINE TO 

GRAZY, GRATEAdSAY AND SARANAG 
12AKES ANB LAKE PLAGIB. 

Only EigM Mile Stage Ride, Saranac Lake to Lake Placid. 



Drawing Room Cars on all Trains 

Wagner Palace Sleeping Cars on all Night Trains, and 
Wagner Drawing Room Cars on all Day Trains between 

NEW YORK AND PLATTSBURGH. 



TICKETS, SLEEPING # DRAWING ROOM CAR ACCOMMODATIONS, 
and BAGGAGE CHECKED from the PROMINENT HOTELS. 



A. L. INMAN, M. L. FRENCH, Supt., 

Gen'l Manager. Plattsburgh, N. Y. 




pit(;l7bur(5 ^ I^ailroad, 

HOOSAC TUNNEL ROUTE, 
IS 

m 36 A^il^s Sljort^r m 

Tlian any other line from 

SARATOGA 



TO 



Boston, ^Vorcester, 

Seaside Resorts, and all points Kast. 



DURING JULY, AUGUST AND SEPTEMBER, THE 

Comprised of 

Parlor Cars, Coaches, Smoking and Baggage Cars will be run daily 
(except Sundays) through from Saratoga to Boston without change, 
leaving Saratoga about 9.30 A. m. and i.oo P. M. arriving at 
Boston about 4.00 and 6.30 p. M., giving patrons a delightful ride 
through the 

< Beatitifal ©eepfield ^alleg. ^- 

Further particulars, tickets, time tables, seats in parlor car, etc., 
etc., can be obtained at 369 Broadway or Lake Avenue Station, Sara- 
toga, or by addressing 

J. R. WATSON, G. P.A. 

Boston, Alass. 



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